Low-threshold organic laser based on an oligofluorene truxene with low optical losses

Tsiminis, Georgios; Wang, Yue; Shaw, Paul E.; Kanibolotsky, Alexander L.; Perepichka, Igor F.; Dawson, Martin D.; Skabara, Peter J.; Turnbull, Graham A.; Samuel, Ifor D. W.

doi:10.1063/1.3152782

Cited by 102 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Remarkably, this is one of the lowest ASE thresholds reported for solution-processed amorphous films prepared and measured in ambient conditions under nanosecond excitation. 20,[22][23][24][25][26] The optimal concentration (50 wt %) is also very high as compared to that found for other lasing materials. It emphasizes strongly suppressed concentration quenching for F-et oligomer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

Fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers as low threshold and high gain amplifying media

Kazlauskas

Kreiza

Bobrovas

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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Deliberate control of intermolecular interactions in fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers was attempted via introduction of different-length alkyl moieties to attain high emission amplification and low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold at high oligomer concentrations. Containing fluorenyl peripheral groups decorated with different-length alkyl moieties, the oligomers were found to express weak concentration quenching of emission, yet excellent carrier drift mobilities (close to 10−2 cm2/V/s) in the amorphous films. Owing to the larger radiative decay rates (>1.0 × 109 s−1) and smaller concentration quenching, fluorene-cored oligomers exhibited down to one order of magnitude lower ASE thresholds at higher concentrations as compared to those of benzofluorene counterparts. The lowest threshold (300 W/cm2) obtained for the fluorene-cored oligomers at the concentration of 50 wt % in polymer matrix is among the lowest reported for solution-processed amorphous films in ambient conditions, what makes the oligomers promising for lasing application. Great potential in emission amplification was confirmed by high maximum net gain (77 cm−1) revealed for these compounds. Although the photostability of the oligomers was affected by photo-oxidation, it was found to be comparable to that of various organic lasing materials including some commercial laser dyes evaluated under similar excitation conditions.

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mentioning

confidence: 60%

Fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers as low threshold and high gain amplifying media

Kazlauskas

Kreiza

Bobrovas

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Absorption coeffi cients were evaluated via the Beer-Lambert law and gave consistent results (within 10%) for the two fi lm thicknesses. The corresponding refractive index spectra were derived from the absorption spectra using a KramersKronig analysis [ 44 ] with reference data from a T4 truxene sample [ 29 ] (see the Supporting Information for details).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of features are immediately evident. The T4 absorption spectrum, as previously reported, [ 29 ] closely resembles the spectrum for poly(9,9-dihexylfl uorene) with two main features close to 220 and 370 nm corresponding in a simplifi ed description to localized-localized (corresponding to feature I in Figure 2 ) and delocalized-delocalized (corresponding to feature II in Figure 2 ) (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to LUMO) π -π * transitions of the 9,9-dihexylfl uorene arms/truxene core. The alternating copolymer F8BT has a similar high-energy localized-localized (feature I) π -π * The absorption features I, II and III described in the text are highlighted by the grey shaded areas.…”

Section: Location Location Location -Strategic Positioning Of 213mentioning

confidence: 99%

Location, Location, Location ‐ Strategic Positioning of 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole Units within Trigonal Quaterfluorene‐Truxene Star‐Shaped Structures

Belton

Kanibolotsky

Kirkpatrick

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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The fused, bicyclic molecule, 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole (BT), has become a key ingredient in the design of new organic semiconductors for light emission and energy harvesting applications. Here, the synthesis is reported of a series of trigonal, star‐shaped compounds comprising a truxene core and three quater‐dialkylfluorene arms into each of which a BT unit is inserted sequentially at each possible position (T4BT‐A to T4BT‐E). Analysis of the resulting electronic properties shows that as a consequence of conjugative coupling to the core and the resulting symmetry there are three distinct locations for the BT unit and the influence that these locations have on light emission and other spectroscopic characteristics is discussed. The systematic variation in photophysical properties for the different structural isomers helps to clarify the influence of BT unit addition to 9,9‐dialkylfluorene chains. It also helps to establish a design template for the construction of donor‐acceptor conjugated materials with targeted properties. For T4BT‐E with a BT unit at the terminal position of each arm, the photoluminescence quantum efficiency is significantly reduced and no amplified spontaneous emission is observed under typical pumping conditions. Theoretical calculations assist in understanding the variation in behaviors among the T4BT‐X family of compounds, especially in relation to their photoluminescence decay times and the Raman scattering intensities of their dominant BT‐unit‐centred molecular vibrations.

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“…Common to all these lasers, the active element of the gain layer is a star-shaped tris(terfluorenyl) based on a truxene core (T3), an oligomer whose main luminescence is in the blue region of the visible spectrum. The synthesis of these monodispersed macromolecules is 100% reproducible [21] and they can form amorphous films with low-optical loss that are ideal for laser applications [22]. The gain spectrum of T3 spans the 410-450nm region while the absorption peaks at 375 nm.…”

Section: Structure Of the Mechanically-flexible Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly-photostable and mechanically flexible all-organic semiconductor lasers

Foucher¹,

Guilhabert²,

Kanibolotsky³

et al. 2013

Opt. Mater. Express

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/44172/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Abstract: Two formats of all-organic distributed-feedback lasers with improved photostability, respectively called nanocomposite and encapsulated lasers, are reported. These lasers are compatible with mechanically-flexible platforms and were entirely fabricated using softlithography and spin-coating techniques. The gain elements in both types of lasers were monodisperse -conjugated star-shaped macromolecules (oligofluorene truxene, T3). In the nanocomposites lasers, these elements were incorporated into a transparent polyimide matrix, while in the encapsulated devices a neat layer of T3 was overcoated with Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The T3-nanocomposite devices demonstrated a 1/e degradation energy dosage up to ~27.0 ± 6.5 J/cm 2 with a threshold fluence of 115 ± 10 µJ/cm 2 . This represents a 3-fold improvement in operation lifetime under ambient conditions compared to the equivalent laser made with neat organic films, albeit with a 1.6-time increase in threshold. The PVA-encapsulated lasers showed the best overall performance: a 40-time improvement in the operation lifetime and crucially no-trade-off on the threshold, with respectively a degradation energy dosage of ~280 ± 20 J/cm 2 and a threshold fluence of 36 ± 8 µJ/cm 2 .© 2013 Optical Society of America , 1985). 17. W. Zhao, T. Cao, and J. M. White, "On the origin of green emission in polyfluorene polymers: the roles of thermal oxidation degradation and crosslinking," Adv. Funct. Mater. 14(8), 783-790 (2004). 18. L. Cerdán, A. Costela, G. Durán-Sampedro, I. García-Moreno, M. Calle, M. Juan-y-Seva, J. de Abajo, and G. A.Turnbull, "New perylene-doped polymeric thin films for efficient and long-lasting lasers," J. Mater. Chem. Immergut, and E. A. Grulke, Polymer Handbook (Wiley, 1999). 32. J. Chilwell and I. Hodgkinson, "Thin-films field-transfer matrix theory of planar multilayer waveguides and reflection from prism-loaded waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1(7), 742-753 (1984). 33. S. Riechel, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, S. Berleb, A. G. Mückl, W. Brütting, A. Gombert, and V. Wittwer, "Very compact tunable solid-state laser utilizing a thin-film organic semiconductor," Opt. Lett. 26(9), 593-595 (2001). 34. M. Lu, B. T. Cunningham, S.-J. Park...

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Low-threshold organic laser based on an oligofluorene truxene with low optical losses

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

Fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers as low threshold and high gain amplifying media

Fluorene- and benzofluorene-cored oligomers as low threshold and high gain amplifying media

Location, Location, Location ‐ Strategic Positioning of 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole Units within Trigonal Quaterfluorene‐Truxene Star‐Shaped Structures

Highly-photostable and mechanically flexible all-organic semiconductor lasers

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