“…The semiconductor industry has identified five major growth engines (applications): (1) mobile, such as smartphones, smartwatches, notebooks, wearables, tablets, etc., [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]; (2) high-performance computing (HPC), also known as supercomputing, which is able to process data and perform complex calculations at high speeds on a supercomputer [ 5 , 6 ]; (3) autonomous vehicle (or self-driving cars) [ 7 ]; (4) IoT (internet of things), such as smart factories and smart health; [ 3 , 8 , 9 ] and (5) big data (for cloud computing) and instant data (for edge computing) [ 5 , 6 ]. The system-technology drivers such as 5G (fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks) are boosting the growth of these five semiconductor applications.…”