Low tumor necrosis factor‐α levels predict symptom reduction during electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder

Sorri, Annamari; Järventausta, Kaija; Kampman, Olli; Lehtimäki, Kai; Björkqvist, Minna; Tuohimaa, Kati; Hämäläinen, Mari; Moilanen, Eeva; Leìnonen, Esa

doi:10.1002/brb3.933

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Similar to Hestad et al.,'s (2003) and Sorri et al.,'s (2018) research, our study confirmed that ECT has an effect on TNFα decrease of 10% on average. This decline in schizophrenia patients was gradual during ECT treatment and was proven to be statistically significant (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Brain stimulation effects on serum BDNF, VEGF, and TNFα in treatment‐resistant psychiatric disorders

Valiulienė

Valiulis

Dapšys

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Resistance to pharmacological treatment poses a notable challenge for psychiatry. Such cases are usually treated with brain stimulation techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Empirical evidence links treatment resistance to insufficient brain plasticity and chronic inflammation. Therefore, this study encompasses analysis of neurotrophic and inflammatory factors in psychiatric patients undergoing rTMS and ECT in order to refine the selection of patients and predict clinical outcomes. This study enrolled 25 drug‐resistant depressive patients undergoing rTMS and 31 drug‐resistant schizophrenia patients undergoing ECT. Clinical efficacy of brain stimulation therapies was gauged using MADRS and HAM‐D scales in the depression group and PANSS scale in the schizophrenia group. Blood‐derived BDNF, VEGF, and TNFα were analysed during the treatment course. For reference, 19 healthy control subjects were also enrolled. After statistical analysis, no significant differences were detected in BDNF, VEGF, and TNFα concentrations among healthy, depressive, and schizophrenic subject groups before the treatment. However, depressive patient treatment with rTMS has increased BDNF concentration, while schizophrenic patient treatment with ECT has lowered the concentration of TNFα. Our findings suggest that a lower initial TNFα concentration could be a marker for treatment success in depressed patients undergoing rTMS, whereas in schizophrenic patient group treated with ECT, a higher concentration of VEGF correlates to milder symptoms post‐treatment, especially in the negative scale.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Brain stimulation effects on serum BDNF, VEGF, and TNFα in treatment‐resistant psychiatric disorders

Valiulienė

Valiulis

Dapšys

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…In antidepressant sleep deprivation therapy, higher IL-6 levels predicted worse treatment response in depressed patients with bipolar disorder, in agreement with previous studies on antidepressants (113). Lower TNFα levels at the first ECT have also shown to predict better treatment outcome (114). However, this correlation between higher inflammatory cytokine levels and worse treatment efficacy is not found in all treatments.…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effects Of Antidepressant and Anti-fatigue mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Inflammation in Depression and Fatigue

2019

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Depression and fatigue are conditions responsible for heavy global societal burden, especially in patients already suffering from chronic diseases. These symptoms have been identified by those affected as some of the most disabling symptoms which affect the quality of life and productivity of the individual. While many factors play a role in the development of depression and fatigue, both have been associated with increased inflammatory activation of the immune system affecting both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). This is further supported by the well-described association between diseases that involve immune activation and these symptoms in autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and immune system activation in response to infections, like sepsis. Treatments for depression also support this immunopsychiatric link. Antidepressants have been shown to decrease inflammation, while higher levels of baseline inflammation predict lower treatment efficacy for most treatments. Those patients with higher initial immune activation may on the other hand be more responsive to treatments targeting immune pathways, which have been found to be effective in treating depression and fatigue in some cases. These results show strong support for the hypothesis that depression and fatigue are associated with an increased activation of the immune system which may serve as a valid target for treatment. Further studies should focus on the pathways involved in these symptoms and the development of treatments that target those pathways will help us to better understand these conditions and devise more targeted treatments.

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“…Moreover, rTMS exerted antidepressant-like effects in a CUMS model via a nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent anti-inflammatory mechanism, which suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6 in hippocampal regions [ 112 ]. A substantial body of evidence consistently showed that ECT could alleviate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in depressed patients, as indicated by a notable reduction in peripheral TNFα, IL-6, eotaxin-3, and IL-5 levels [ 113 , 114 , 116 , 117 ]. Moreover, ECT was also reported to increase the level of blood IL-10 [ 115 ], which is a well-established anti-inflammatory cytokine that prevents neuronal and glial cell death [ 128 ].…”

Section: Comparison Of Fda-approved Treatments For Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation for Depression

Kwon

Agadagba

et al. 2021

Cells

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Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) has emerged as a non-invasive neuromodulation approach that exerts neuroprotection via diverse mechanisms, including neurotrophic, neuroplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-glutamatergic, and vasodilation mechanisms. Although current studies of TES have mainly focused on its applications in ophthalmology, several lines of evidence point towards its putative use in treating depression. Apart from stimulating visual-related structures and promoting visual restoration, TES has also been shown to activate brain regions that are involved in mood alterations and can induce antidepressant-like behaviour in animals. The beneficial effects of TES in depression were further supported by its shared mechanisms with FDA-approved antidepressant treatments, including its neuroprotective properties against apoptosis and inflammation, and its ability to enhance the neurotrophic expression. This article critically reviews the current findings on the neuroprotective effects of TES and provides evidence to support our hypothesis that TES possesses antidepressant effects.

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Low tumor necrosis factor‐α levels predict symptom reduction during electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Brain stimulation effects on serum BDNF, VEGF, and TNFα in treatment‐resistant psychiatric disorders

Brain stimulation effects on serum BDNF, VEGF, and TNFα in treatment‐resistant psychiatric disorders

The Role of Inflammation in Depression and Fatigue

Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation for Depression

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