Low velocity impact response of 3D printed structures formed by cellular metamaterials and stiffening plates: PLA vs. PETg

Santos, Filipe Amarante dos; Rebelo, Hugo Bento; Coutinho, Mathilda L.; Sutherland, L.S.; Cismasiu, Corneliu; Farina, Ilenia; Fraternali, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113128

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…AM is considered an excellent alternative for producing lightweight, geometrically complex parts such as lattices [ 3 ], as it offers control over cell size and shape, shape and size of struts, the topology of the structure, and many other features [ 4 ]. Lattice structures have applications in various fields such as medical, aeronautical, and automobile industries for their weight reduction and high energy absorption capabilities [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Miniature Lattice Structures Produced by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

2021

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In this paper, we study the capabilities of two additive manufacturing technologies for the production of lattice structures, namely material extrusion and vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing. A set of polymer lattice structures with diverse unit cell types were built using these additive manufacturing methods and tested under compression. Lattice structures built using material extrusion had lower accuracy and a lower relative density caused by the air gaps between layers, but had higher elastic moduli and larger energy absorption capacities, as a consequence of both the thicker struts and the relatively larger strength of the feedstock material. Additionally, the deformation process in lattices was analyzed using sequential photographs taken during the compression tests, evidencing larger differences according to the manufacturing process and unit-cell type. Both additive manufacturing methods produced miniature lattice structures with similar mechanical properties, but vat polymerization should be the preferred option when high geometrical accuracy is required. Nevertheless, as the solid material determines the compressive response of the lattice structure, the broader availability of feedstock materials gives an advantage to material extrusion in applications requiring stiffer structures or with higher energy absorption capabilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Miniature Lattice Structures Produced by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

2021

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“…Traditionally, the role of energy absorption has been filled by thin-walled tubes (Malawat et al, 2019). Recent findings indicated that polylactic acid (PLA) lattice structures might be used as sacrificial claddings as material and structure protection gear (Santos et al, 2021;Sun et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Lattice Structure for Enhanced Crush Energy Absorption

Seek¹,

Kok²,

Lim³

et al. 2022

IJTech

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Lightweight and stiff lattice structures are good energy absorbers. This study evaluates the energy absorption capacity of a few common lattice structures printed out of PLA using fused deposition modeling and proposes an improved lattice structure. Simple cubic (SC), honeycomb (HC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and novel PeckGy80 (PG80) lattice structures were subjected to compressive tests. The quasi-static load-displacement behavior of lattice specimens was characterized in terms of specific energy absorption and crush load efficiency. The damage mechanisms were then related to energy absorption. Cracks and brittle fractures occurred in all lattice structures during the crush test. Different lattice structures induced different damage mechanisms, significantly affecting their energy absorption. SC lattice structure showed structural separation at a small displacement, rendering it an ineffective energy absorber. BCC and HC lattice structures demonstrated almost identical shear band failure modes. The PG80 lattice structure, although made of brittle PLA, displayed progressive failure from the bottom layer to the upper layers, exhibiting both a high peak load and stable post-yield behaviour. This damage mode enabled the PG80 lattice to be far superior in terms of specific energy absorption to HC, SC, and BCC lattice structures.

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“…The experimental results have been analyzed through ANOVA and it has revealed that flow rate, print acceleration has the greatest influence than other factors considered for study. Santos et.al [10] adopted FDM process to print PET-G and PLA material for analyzing their potential to acts as sacrificial claddings for protection from impact forces. The materials are examined in the form of honeycomb and auxetic structures placed in between terminal stiffening plates to observe the one exhibiting higher energy dissipation ratio and lower restitution coefficient PET-G exhibited superior performance than PLA and also found to be suited for manufacturing protection gears through low cost FDM printers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Modulus Enhancement and Minimization of Printing Time and Part Weight for PET-G, Using Taguchi-GRA-TOPSIS Techniques

N.¹,

K.²,

Saminathan³

et al. 2022

Mater. Plast.

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is becoming the most promised additive manufacturing (AM) process in recent years due to the evident benefits, such as high design flexibility, low cost, friendly and economically use. The current study considers an optimization of four different FDM parameters varied in three levels, as layer thickness (0.17 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.33 mm), infill density (25, 50 and 75%), shell thickness (0.8 mm, 1.2 mm and 1.6 mm) and raster angle (0o, 30o and 60o) with an objective to reduce printing time, part weight and to enhance flexural modulus using Polyethylene Terepthalate - glycol modified (PET-G) material. Mono optimization of FDM input parameters has been done using signal to noise ratio method obtained from Taguchi�s L9Orthogonal Array (OA) and multi response optimization is applied through Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and technique of order preference similar to ideal solution (TOPSIS) techniques. The response or its criteria weightages are calculated using Shanon�s entropy and CRITIC method which gives different weightages for the considered responses. Printing time ranks top with 37% from entropy method followed by flexural modulus with 36% and part weight ranks last with 28%. Flexural modulus ranks tops with 43% followed by part weight with 29% and printing time takes last position with 28% weightage.The ranking of alternatives from GRA- entropy and GRA- CRITIC methods are similar by recommending A1B1C1D1 (0.17 mm layer thickness, 25% infill density, 0.8 mm shell thickness and 0� raster angle) but TOPSIS-entropy and TOPSIS - CRITIC methods suggested different parameter combination A2B3C1D2 (0.25 mm layer thickness,75% infill density, 0.8 mm shell thickness and 30� raster angle). From all the four different methods adopted for optimization, the parameter setting obtained from level total suggests A2B1C1D2 (0.25 mm layer thickness, 25% infill density, 0.8mm shell thickness and 30� raster angle) and completely opposite to the ranking of alternatives. The carried - out confirmation trials carried out validated the optimized settings resulted from different methods. Infill density is found to be the most significant factor as compared to other input factors over the output assessed parameters.

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Low velocity impact response of 3D printed structures formed by cellular metamaterials and stiffening plates: PLA vs. PETg

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

A Comparison of Miniature Lattice Structures Produced by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

A Comparison of Miniature Lattice Structures Produced by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

A Novel Lattice Structure for Enhanced Crush Energy Absorption

Flexural Modulus Enhancement and Minimization of Printing Time and Part Weight for PET-G, Using Taguchi-GRA-TOPSIS Techniques

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