Low vitamin D levels predict outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with both severe and non-severe disease at hospitalization

Filippo, Luigi di; Uygur, Melin; Locatelli, Massimo; Frara, Stefano; Giustina, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s12020-023-03331-9

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Studies by di Filippo et al showed a strict association of VD levels with blood GLU and BMI in COVID-19 patients on one hand, and that 25-OHD levels at admission strongly predicted the occurrence of worsening outcomes in COVID-19 independently of the disease severity at presentation. [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Biomarkers Comparison: Children, Adults and Elders

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: this study aimed to research links between C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinekinase (CK), 25-OH vitamin D (25-OHD), ferritin (FER), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)cholesterol and clinical severity in patients from the western part of Romania, and compare their potential use as biomarkers for intensive care units (ICU) admission and death in children, adults and elders. Materials and Methods: this study is a retrospective cohort study, performed on patients positively diagnosed with COVID-19. Available CRP, LDH, CK 25-OH vitamin D, ferritin, HDL cholesterol and clinical severity were recorded. The following were assessed: median group differences, association, correlation and receiver operating characteristic. Results: 381 children, 614 adults and 381 elders were studied between 1 March 2021 and 1 March 2022. Most children and adults presented mild symptomatology (53.28%, 35.02%, respectively), while most elders presented severe symptomatology (30.04%). ICU admission was 3.67% for children, 13.19% for adults and 46.09% for elders, while mortality was 0.79% for children, 8.63% for adults and 25.1% for elders. With the exception of CK, all other biomarkers showed some significant associations with clinical severity, ICU admission and death. Conclusions: CRP, LDH, 25-OH vitamin D, ferritin and HDL are important biomarkers for COVID-19 positive patients, especially in the pediatric population, while CK was mostly within normal ranges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Biomarkers Comparison: Children, Adults and Elders

et al. 2023

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“…Observational studies do not allow us to find a cause-and-effect link between vitamin D and dyslipidemia; however, from the consistent results, it would seem, as in many other fields, that vitamin D deficiency represents a risk marker—in this case, a possible marker of cardiovascular risk. Similarly, inconclusive results have been obtained in several studies involving vitamin D treatment for patients with diabetes [ 120 ] or COVID-19 infection [ 121 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Dyslipidemia: Is There Really a Link? A Narrative Review

Al Refaie,

Baldassini,

Mondillo

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have a regulatory role in many different fields—inflammation, immunity, and the endocrine system—and many studies would demonstrate a possible correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we deepened the relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia by reviewing the available literature. The results are not entirely clear-cut: on the one hand, numerous observational studies suggest a link between higher serum vitamin D levels and a beneficial lipid profile, while on the other hand, interventional studies do not demonstrate a significant effect. Understanding the possible relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia may represent a turning point: another link between vitamin D and the cardiovascular system.

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“…4,7 Prior studies by Luigi et al have shown that insufficient levels of vitamin D may have a detrimental effect on the prognosis of acute COVID-19, as well as on the development of Long-COVID and the long-term immune response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. [35][36][37] The current study investigated the association of vitamin D deficiency to the clinical outcome of hospitalized patients at two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia. We found that compared to insufficient and sufficient, those with deficient vitamin D status had more number of comorbidities (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vitamin D deficiency in relation to the clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

et al. 2023

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging public health problem that affects more than one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D has been shown to be effective in preventing and reducing the severity of viral respiratory diseases, including influenza. However, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia from October 2021 until February 2022. Results: The median serum 25(OH)D level in 191 hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 13.6 [IQR=10.98] ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency who had cardiovascular disease (p-value=0.04), the use of a ventilator (p-value=0.004), more severe COVID-19 cases (p-value=0.047), and mortality (p-value=0.002). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 cases (p-value <0.001). Serum 25(OH)D levels in mild and moderate COVID-19 cases were significantly different (p-value=0.002). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with an increased number of comorbidities (p-value=0.03), the severity of COVID-19 (p-value=0.002), and the use of mechanical ventilation (p-value=0.032). Mortality was found in 7.3% of patients with deficient vitamin D levels. However, patients with either sufficient or insufficient vitamin D levels did not develop mortality. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were significantly associated with having cardiovascular disease, mortality, more severe COVID-19 cases, and the used of mechanical ventilation. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased number of comorbidities, COVID-19 severity, and the use of mechanical-ventilation. Thus, we suggest hospitalized COVID-19 patients to reach a sufficient vitamin D status to improve the clinical outcome of the disease.

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Low vitamin D levels predict outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with both severe and non-severe disease at hospitalization

Cited by 32 publications

References 91 publications

COVID-19 Biomarkers Comparison: Children, Adults and Elders

COVID-19 Biomarkers Comparison: Children, Adults and Elders

Vitamin D and Dyslipidemia: Is There Really a Link? A Narrative Review

Impact of vitamin D deficiency in relation to the clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

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