Low Vitamin D Status in a Representative Sample of Youth From Québec, Canada

Mark, Sean; Gray‐Donald, Katherine; Delvin, Edgard; O’Loughlin, Jennifer; Paradis, Gilles; Lévy, Émile; Lambert, Marie

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.104158

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This partly explains the high percentage (90.2%) who showed serum 25(OH)D concentrations of o70 nmol/l (that is, below the minimum value recommended for the maintenance of good metabolic health and considered as insufficient; Talwar et al, 2007;Vieth et al, 2007;McGill et al, 2008). This finding agrees with that reported in other studies with children, the researchers of which indicate that irrespective of whether their country is sunny, children's exposure to the sun would seem to be low and the dietary intake of vitamin D inadequate (Gordon et al, 2008;Mark et al, 2008;Bener et al, 2008a, b). Although exposure to the sun is essential for the cutaneous manufacture of vitamin D (Millen and Bodnar, 2008), exposure times were not different between ID and AD group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: To analyze the association between different anthropometric variables and vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren. Subjects/Methods: Study subjects were 102 children aged 9-13 years. Records were made of their height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip measurements (to determine the quantity of visceral or abdominal fat), and the thickness of the tricipital and bicipital skinfold (to determine the quantity of subcutaneous fat). Diets were analyzed using a 3-day weighed food record and vitamin D intakes compared with those recommended. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured using chemiluminescent assay. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 49.6 ± 15.9 nmol/l. The mean serum 25(OH)D in the ID subjects (that is, those with insufficient vitamin D levels, 25(OH)D of o70 nmol/l) was 46.6 ± 13.4 nmol/l and in the AD subjects (that is, those with adequate vitamin D levels, 25(OH)D of X70 nmol/l) was 77.5 ± 8.4 nmol/l (Po0.001). No significant difference was observed between both groups in vitamin D intake. However, the ID subjects had higher body weight, BMI, waist measurement and waist/height ratio than the AD subjects. Using a multiple linear regression analysis, only weight and BMI were found to independently influence 25(OH)D values. Children with a body weight, BMI, bicipital skinfold thickness, waist measurement and waist/height ratio above the 50th percentile for each variable were at a greater risk of having a low serum 25(OH)D concentration (o70 nmol/l). Conclusions: BMI and abdominal obesity influence the appearance of vitamin D insufficiency in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

et al. 2010

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“…In a representative sample of Québec youth, BMI was negatively associated with vitamin D levels in girls, but not in boys, such that a s.d. increase in BMI Z-score was associated with a 1.7 nmol/l lower level of plasma 25(OH)D (Mark et al, 2008). In a study of youth in southeastern USA (331N), greater adiposity, assessed by DXA, was also associated with lower 25(OH)D levels (Dong et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although important for health, vitamin D deficiency and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels o75 nmol/l are prevalent among Canadian youth (Roth et al, 2005;Mark et al, 2008). Plasma vitamin D concentrations are lower in older youth, thus increasing the risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in this group (Roth et al, 2005;Weng et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma vitamin D concentrations are lower in older youth, thus increasing the risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in this group (Roth et al, 2005;Weng et al, 2007). In fact, more than 10% of 16-year-old adolescents in a representative sample of Québec youth had vitamin D deficiency ((25(OH)D p27.5 nmol/l) at the end of winter (Mark et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher vitamin D intake is needed to achieve serum 25(OH)D levels greater than 50 nmol/l in Québec youth at high risk of obesity

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Vitamin D levels are often observed to be low in Canadian youth, despite the mandatory fortification of fluid milk. We identified modifiable correlates of plasma vitamin D concentrations to inform public health efforts to remediate low-vitamin D status. Subjects/Methods: We recruited 159 children aged 8-11 years, who were at at high risk of obesity, non-systematically during different seasons. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) using a radioimmunoassay. Dietary intake, including vitamin supplements, was measured using three dietitian-administered 24 h diet recalls. Fat mass was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Accelerometers were worn for 7 days to estimate physical activity. Independent correlates of plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were identified using multiple regression in an analysis controlling for season of measurement.Results: Approximately, 7% of youth had hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D p37.5 nmol/l) during winter and spring when vitamin D levels are at their nadir. Only 55% of participants had vitamin D levels, which the Institute of Medicine considers optimal (25(OH)D 450 nmol/l). The mean dietary vitamin D intake, 6.6 mcg, was well below current recommendations set at 15 mcg. A serving increase in milk consumption and a s.d. increase in physical activity were associated with only a 2.9 and 2.1 nmol/l increase in plasma 25(OH)D, respectively. There was no association between 25(OH)D and adiposity. Conclusions: Our results indicate the challenges of obtaining adequate vitamin D intake from the current food supply to support a level of 25(OD)D 450 nmol/l.

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“…(13) Serum 25(OH)D levels are considered the best marker of vitamin D status and have been used commonly to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in healthy children and adolescents. (9,10,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) However, a clear understanding of the biologic significance of given concentrations of circulating 25(OH)D is still lacking, and reference ranges for vitamin D are being reassessed on the basis of what constitutes a normal concentration compared with optimal concentrations. (27)(28)(29) Most clinicians agree that serum 25(OH)D levels below 25 to 30 nmol/L (10 to 12 ng/mL) may lead to nutritional rickets, hypocalcemic convulsions, dental problems, and poor growth in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse interaction of low-calcium diet and low 25(OH)D levels on lumbar spine mineralization in late-pubertal girls

Esterle

Nguyen

Walrant-Debray

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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No consensus has been reached on the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels required to ensure optimal bone health around menarche. We searched for a possible interaction of 25(OH)D levels and calcium intake on lumbar spine mineralization and on biologic features of bone metabolism in healthy late-pubertal girls. Lumbar spine parameters (ie, area, mineral content, and density) and calcium intake were evaluated in 211 healthy white adolescent girls at pubertal stages IV-V (11 to 16.9 years), together with biologic markers of calcium and bone metabolism and with International External Quality Assessment Scheme for Vitamin D Metabolite (DEQAS)-validated serum 25(OH)D levels. A high prevalence of 25(OH)D levels 30 nmol/L (41%), 40 nmol/L (61%), and 50 nmol/L (70%) was found during winter-spring. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were inversely associated with 25(OH)D levels ( p ¼ .0021). In contrast, lumbar spine mineral content and density were not associated with 25(OH)D, excepted when calcium intake was below 600 mg/day ( p ¼ .0081). Girls with such low calcium intake and 25(OH)D levels of 40 nmol/L or less (9% of the cohort) had a 0.4 to 0.7 SD lower mean areal bone mineral density Z-score than girls with higher calcium intake and/or higher 25(OH)D status. The adverse association between lumbar spine mineralization and combined calcium deficiency-low 25(OH)D levels remained significant in the 91 girls who could be followed over 4 years after their initial evaluation. We conclude that low 25(OH)D levels ( 40 nmol/L) are observed frequently during winterspring in late-pubertal European girls, which may exacerbate the negative impact of calcium deficiency on lumbar spine mineralization. ß

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Low Vitamin D Status in a Representative Sample of Youth From Québec, Canada

Cited by 63 publications

References 36 publications

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

Higher vitamin D intake is needed to achieve serum 25(OH)D levels greater than 50 nmol/l in Québec youth at high risk of obesity

Adverse interaction of low-calcium diet and low 25(OH)D levels on lumbar spine mineralization in late-pubertal girls

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