Low-volume Applications of Azinphosmethyl, Fenvalerate, and Permethrin for Control of Coneworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Seed Bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae and Pentatomidae) in Southern Pine Seed Orchards

Nord, John C.; DeBarr, Gary L.; Barber, Larry R.; Weatherby, Julie C.; Overgaard, N. A.

doi:10.1093/jee/78.2.445

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…After treatment of western white pine seed orchards in Idaho to target D. abietivorella with one or two high-volume ground applications of fenvalerate, 13.6% of cones were infested (and seed yield was doubled) compared with 46.6% in untreated control plots (Haverty et al 1986). Five ground applications of azinphos-methyl, fenvalerate, and permethrin applied by airblast sprayer at monthly intervals reduced seed losses due to Dioryctria species in loblolly pine seed orchards by 52%-67% (Nord et al 1985). Aerial applications of fenvalerate increased cone survival from 14% in unsprayed orchards to as high as 86% in treated orchards (Nord et al 1985).…”

Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five ground applications of azinphos-methyl, fenvalerate, and permethrin applied by airblast sprayer at monthly intervals reduced seed losses due to Dioryctria species in loblolly pine seed orchards by 52%-67% (Nord et al 1985). Aerial applications of fenvalerate increased cone survival from 14% in unsprayed orchards to as high as 86% in treated orchards (Nord et al 1985). Two ground applications of fenvalerate with an airblast sprayer can significantly reduce cone damage due to D. amatella, though a single application does not successfully control the pest (Hanula et al 2002).…”

Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and management of North American cone-feedingDioryctriaspecies

et al. 2011

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Coneworms, Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are destructive pests of conifers across North America, and members of several different species groups present significant pest-management challenges in conifer seed orchards. Dioryctria abietivorella Grote (abietella group) is the most pestiferous Dioryctria species in Canada. Despite this status, control tactics are currently limited to broad-spectrum pesticides that threaten non-target species and may result in pesticide resistance. The development of integrated pest management programs targeting Dioryctria species will benefit from a conceptual framework on which to base future research. To create this structure, we review the systematics, evolutionary ecology, and management of cone-feeding North American Dioryctria species. Current research suggests that many species boundaries are in need of further revision. Major gaps in our understanding of Dioryctria ecology impede the development of integrated pest management tactics. For example, host-generated semiochemicals are important in Dioryctria reproduction, although the uses of these cues in host-finding and host acceptance remain unknown. Future research should identify factors that mediate population distribution at landscape (e.g., migration), local (e.g., feeding stimulants), and temporal (e.g., development thresholds) scales.

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Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and management of North American cone-feedingDioryctriaspecies

et al. 2011

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“…The life history of D. amutellu appears to be similar on loblolly pine throughout its natural range (Neunzig et ~11. 1964;Ebel 1965;Brown 1969;Coulson and Franklin 1970;Merkel and Fatzinger 1971;Yates and Ebel 1975;Chatelain and Goyer 1980;McLeod andYearian 1981, 1982;Tauer et al 1983;Weatherby et al 1985;Hanula et al 1985). During a 3-year study conducted in northern Georgia, 85% or more of the D. umutellu population had only one generation per year in 2nd-year cones (Hanula et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important seed-feeding insects include the multivoltine leaffooted pine seed bug, Leptoglossus corculus (Say) (Heteroptera: Coreidae), and the univoltine shieldbacked pine seed bug, Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schaffer) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Insecticides are often applied four to six times annually by helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft to control this complex of pests (Nord et al 1985;Lowe et al 1994;Mangini et al 1998). Most insecticides applied to control Dioryctria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degree-day model for timing insecticide applications to controlDioryctria amatella(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in loblolly pine seed orchards

et al. 2002

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Because Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) is a key pest in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae), seed orchards in the southeastern United States, improved timing of insecticide applications would be valuable for its control. To time two fenvalerate (Pydrin® 2.4 EC) applications we tested four variations of a degree-day model that was developed to predicted when various proportions of D. amatella eggs would hatch during the spring generation. We compared reductions in Dioryctria spp. cone damage to unsprayed checks and a standard operational spray regime of four monthly applications of fenvalerate. In addition, we examined seeds from healthy cones to determine if sprays to control D. amatella also reduced seed damage caused by Leptoglossus corculus Say (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schäffer) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Trials were conducted from 1984 to 1986 in two orchards in South Carolina and one in Alabama. Degree-day accumulations (threshold = 11 °C) were begun on the day when the cumulative number of male D. amatella equaled or exceeded five captured in 15 Pherocon 1C® traps baited with 100 μg of Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate. One application per year was insufficient to control D. amatella or reduced seed-bug damage. Two sprays based on D. amatella phenology significantly reduced coneworm and seed bug damage, and were as effective as four sprays applied monthly. None of the treatments reduce spring cone losses, which are primarily caused by Dioryctria merkeli Mutuura and Monroe. Several variations of the model performed well, but we suggest that the best, based on efficacy and ease of use, was when sprays were applied immediately after five males were caught (degree-day = 0) and again when the model predicted 50% of the spring generation eggs had hatched.

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“…These parasitoids and other natural enemies normally maintain the population at low levels, preventing any noticeable damage (Clarke et al 1990, Sun et al 1996, and finding substantial numbers of both 0. acuta and its parasitoids is difficult. Detectable populations of the mealybug usually occur in intensively-managed sites such as seed orchards and Christmas tree farms and are associated with the adverse effects of insecticide applications on the natural enemies (Nord et al 1985, Clarke et al 1988.…”

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confidence: 99%

Parasitoid Complex of the Mealybug Oracella acuta (Lobdell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in Georgia, USA

Sun

Clarke

DeBarr

et al. 2004

Journal of Entomological Science

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The parasitoid complex of the mealybug Oracella acuta (Lobdell) was examined in two field populations in Georgia in 1995–96. Allotropa n. sp. and Zarhopalus debarri Sun were the primary endoparasitoids emerging from O. acuta. Adult abundance varied seasonally, with Allotropa n. sp. numbers peaking in June and Z. debarri in September. Parasitism rates of female O. acuta exceeded 60% at one site and ranged from 24 to 29% at the other site. The adult female was the preferred host stage for parasitism (76%), though Allotropa n. sp. and the endoparasitoid Acerophagus coccois E. Smith occasionally utilized second and third instar females as hosts. These two species exhibited gregarious parasitism, with up to 5 Allotropa n. sp. or 4 A. coccois emerging from a single host. Adult longevity of female and male Z. debarri averaged 6.4 and 5.3 days, respectively, and access to a food source usually increased adult lifespan. Female Z. debarri contained an average of 119 eggs, compared to 74 eggs per female for Allotropa n. sp.

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Low-volume Applications of Azinphosmethyl, Fenvalerate, and Permethrin for Control of Coneworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Seed Bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae and Pentatomidae) in Southern Pine Seed Orchards

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Biology and management of North American cone-feedingDioryctriaspecies

Biology and management of North American cone-feedingDioryctriaspecies

Degree-day model for timing insecticide applications to controlDioryctria amatella(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in loblolly pine seed orchards

Parasitoid Complex of the Mealybug Oracella acuta (Lobdell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in Georgia, USA

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