Low‐volume muscle endurance training prevents decrease in muscle oxidative and endurance function during 21‐day forearm immobilization

Abstract

Twice-weekly muscle endurance training sessions, each lasting approx. 50 s, effectively prevented a decrease in muscle oxidative capacity and endurance; however, there was no effect on MVC decline with IMM-21d.

Gankyrin has an antioxidative role through the feedback regulation of Nrf2 in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…The region upstream of the transcriptional start site of the gankyrin gene contains several conserved AREs, which are binding sites for Nrf2. Nrf2 regulates the gene expression of a wide variety of cytoprotective phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes through AREs, which maintain HCC cell survival under oxidative stress and confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation (Venugopal and Jaiswal, 1996;Itoh et al, 1997;Homma et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2010). Gankyrin, also known as p28, is one of the non-ATPase subunits of PA700 (19S), a regulatory complex of the human 26S proteasome (Hori et al, 1998).…”

Once-weekly muscle endurance and strength training prevents deterioration of muscle oxidative function and attenuates the degree of strength decline during 3-week forearm immobilization

“…Therefore, knowledge on whether training frequency or volume can be reduced while still preserving muscle function during muscle unloading would be beneficial, particularly for planning exercises for rehabilitation, promotion of healthy activities for people with low levels of physical activity, elderly individuals with a low level of fitness, and others. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the effects of lower frequency/volume of endurance and strength training, during 3-week forearm muscle immobilization, than previously reported (Homma et al 2009;Matsumura et al 2008;Ohmori et al 2010). We examined the effects of once-weekly and twice-weekly muscle endurance and strength training programmes on forearm muscle oxidative capacity, endurance performance, and strength during the 3-week forearm immobilization period.…”

“…We previously described the effects of 3-week muscle unloading and countermeasures for muscle function by using non-dominant forearm immobilization (Homma et al 2009;Kitahara et al 2003;Matsumura et al 2008;Motobe et al 2004;Ohmori et al 2010). Thus, methods for the examination of forearm immobilization and countermeasure have been established.…”

“…Although the effects of exercise on preventing decreases in muscle strength and volume during muscle unloading have been reported (Akima et al 2003;Alkner and Tesch 2004;Belavý et al 2009b;Kawakami et al 2001;Miokovic et al 2014;Schulze et al 2002;Tesch et al 2004), few studies have examined the effect of training on muscle oxidative and endurance function during muscle unloading (Homma et al 2009)-processes that are important in daily living. One study found that twice-weekly, 50-s muscle endurance training prevented decreases in muscle oxidative capacity and endurance, but did not affect strength reduction (Homma et al 2009).…”

“…One study found that twice-weekly, 50-s muscle endurance training prevented decreases in muscle oxidative capacity and endurance, but did not affect strength reduction (Homma et al 2009). The addition of twice-weekly, 40-s strength sessions sustained both muscle strength and endurance (Matsumura et al 2008).…”