Low water swelling polyaromatic proton exchange membranes

Recent advances in non-perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes in the energy field

“…This provides a feasible strategy to control the swelling and proton conduction properties of materials in the membrane. Wang et al 118 inhibited excessive swelling by incorporating hydrophobic side chains into the membrane to enhance the polymer's hydrophobicity, thereby inhibiting excessive swelling. This made the sTBmT-1.88 membrane exhibit low swelling (Fig.…”

“…The sTBmT-1.88 membrane, made by Wang et al 118 exhibited superior electrochemical performance, longer lifespan, and improved stability. Compared to Nafion212, sTBmT-1.88 demonstrated better I – V performance with a maximum current density of 4.6 A cm −2 @2.0 V and lower ohmic resistance.…”

Robust Proton-Exchange Membranes Based on Perfluorosulfonic Acid-Functionalized Poly(phenyl-alkane) and Polyxanthene: Effects of Skeletal Structures on Membrane Properties

“…Proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) are important components of various electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells, redox-flow batteries, , water electrolyzers, electrochemical hydrogen compressors, reverse electrodialysis, etc. Sulfonic acid-functionalized polymers constitute the majority of PEMs and can be roughly categorized into four types, namely, phenyl sulfonic acids, alkyl sulfonic acids, perfluorophenyl sulfonic acids, and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids.…”