Lower BAC Limits for Youth: Evaluation of the Maryland .02 Law: Technical Summary

Blomberg, Richard D.

doi:10.1037/e730502011-001

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…156 Of note, a combined media and enforcement campaign in 2 Maryland counties after enactment of a zero-tolerance law in that state yielded greater awareness of the law and a one third greater decrease in alcohol-related crashes among people Ͻ21 years of age in those counties, compared with the rest of the state. 157 Other programs may also be effective in reducing the prevalence of teen drinking and driving. Systematic reviews of the relevant research literature found that sobriety checkpoints and mass media campaigns 158 can reduce rates of alcohol-related traffic crashes.…”

Section: Adolescent Drinking and Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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Late adolescence (ie, 16 -20 years of age) is a period characterized by escalation of drinking and alcohol use problems for many and by the onset of an alcohol use disorder for some. This heightened period of vulnerability is a joint consequence of the continuity of risk from earlier developmental stages and the unique neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that occur in late adolescence. We review the normative neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that typically occur in late adolescence, and we discuss the evidence for the impact of these transitions on individual drinking trajectories. We also describe evidence linking alcohol abuse in late adolescence with neurologic damage and social impairments, and we discuss whether these are the bases for the association of adolescent drinking with increased risks of mental health, substance abuse, and social problems in adulthood. Finally, we discuss both the challenges and successes in the treatment and prevention of adolescent drinking problems. I N THE UNITED States, alcohol involvement sometimes starts but more often escalates between 16 and 20 years of age, when youths are also experiencing dramatic physical, emotional, and social changes. Specifically, a variety of forms of hazardous drinking emerge during middle to late adolescence and, for many youths, these problematic patterns of drinking continue to escalate through 18 to 20 years of age, the period of greatest risk for the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD).In seeking to understand youth development and alcohol involvement, it is important to consider all dimensions of functioning, because the interrelated cognitive, biological, social, and affective changes that occur during adolescence not only affect each another but also influence an individual's risk of problem drinking. In particular, the timing, sequence, and synchrony of developmentally specific transitions can affect how well youths master new roles, as well as continuities and discontinuities in their behavior. Therefore, developmental models representing a range of theoretical orientations, including systems theory, behavioral genetics, and developmental psychopathology, hold great promise for advancing our understanding of the processes that underlie adolescent changes, including the emergence of alcohol use and abuse.The need for developmental approaches is underscored by the existence of a consistent body of research showing that the escalation in drinking and the emergence of AUDs in middle and late adolescence have behavioral, social, and biological roots from earlier developmental stages. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly clear that alcohol involvement in adolescence has both short-and long-term effects on health and well-being at later developmental stages. Importantly, the consequences of adolescent drinking seem to differ from those associated with adult drinking, because there is increasing evidence that adolescents are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy alcohol use on both biological and socia...

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Section: Adolescent Drinking and Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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“…Possession and purchase laws have continued to have an effect up through 2012, but not as much as in the earlier years of adoption. Use-and-lose (-7.9%) and zero-tolerance (-2.9%) laws have also been shown in other studies to be effective on underage drinking drivers (Blomberg, 1992;Fell et al, 2009;Voas et al, 2003). The requirement that bartenders be at least age 21 (-4.1%) had an effect, whereas the ages of sellers and servers did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Assessing the Impact of Twenty Underage Drinking Laws

Fell

Scherer

Thomas

et al. 2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Over the last two decades, many states have adopted several of the 20 laws that aim to control youth access to and possession of alcohol and prevent underage drinking in the United States. However, many of these laws have not been evaluated since their adoption. The objective of this study was to determine which minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws currently have an effect on underage drinking-and-driving fatal crashes. Method: We updated the effective dates of the 20 MLDA-21 laws examined in this study and used scores of each law's strengths and weaknesses. Our structural equation model included the 20 MLDA-21 laws, impaired driving laws, seat belt safety laws, economic strength, driving exposure, beer consumption, and fatal crash ratios of drinking-to-nondrinking drivers under age 21.

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“…Zerotolerance and "sort of" zero-tolerance laws ranging from 0.00 to 0.02 g/dL for youth have proved effective in reducing the number of fatal crashes involving underage drinking drivers (Fell & Voas, 2006a). Also see Blomberg (1992), Lacey, Jones, and Wiliszowski (2000) and Hingson, Howland, Heeren, and Winter (1992). In a follow-up study, Hingson, Heeren, and Winter (1994) compared 12 states that adopted zero tolerance for youth before 1991 with 12 comparison states that did not lower their BAC levels.…”

Section: Zero Tolerance For Under 21mentioning

confidence: 96%

DWI/DUI Interventions

Chodrow

Hora

2011

Handbook of Evidence-Based Substance Abuse Treatment in Criminal Justice Settings

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Attitudes about drinking and driving have changed dramatically over the past few decades due to a combination of factors. Initiatives to address impaired driving have varied from harsher penalties to substance abuse treatment responses. This article reviews what works, what doesn't, what is inconclusive, and what looks promising for the future including traditional police responses such as sobriety checkpoints and vehicle or license sanctions. Victim Impact Panels and other more innovative initiatives have mixed reviews. Knowing that severity of sentences does not affect long term change, the criminal justice system has initiated robust programs that look promising. Courts are using new technologies and pharmacological responses to monitor offenders and reduce recidivism. Over the past ten years, Driving While Impaired (DWI) courts have sprung up throughout the United States and look to be an important part of the goal of reduced impaired driving and resulting crashes.

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Lower BAC Limits for Youth: Evaluation of the Maryland .02 Law: Technical Summary

Abstract: Evaluation of the Maryland .02 Law 6' perler"t'"t 0rt•n'ast'M Cede

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Assessing the Impact of Twenty Underage Drinking Laws

DWI/DUI Interventions

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