Lower calorie intake enhances muscle insulin action and reduces hexosamine levels

Gazdag, A. C.; Wetter, Thomas J.; Davidson, Robert T.; Robinson, Katherine A.; Buse, Maria G.; Yee, Alice J.; Turcotte, Lorraine P.; Cartee, Gregory D.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.2.r504

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The reduction in body weight, especially in adiposity, is associated with improvement in glucose tolerance (19) and insulin action (3,5). In our study, this improvement of glucose tolerance was reflected both by a reduced area under the glucose curve during the IPGTT in the fasting groups compared to the non-fasting ones and by a reduced postprandial glycemia which reached values comparable to those recorded before the switch period i.e., before the development of diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Intermittent fasting modulation of the diabetic syndrome in sand rats. II. In vivo investigations

Belkacemi

Selselet‐Attou²,

Louchami³

et al. 2010

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. This study deals with the effects of daily intermittent fasting for 15 h upon the development of diabetes in sand rats exposed to a hypercaloric diet. The same pattern of daily intermittent fasting was imposed on sand rats maintained on a purely vegetal diet (control animals). Over the last 30 days of the present experiments, non-fasting animals gained weight, whilst intermittently fasting sand rats lost weight. In this respect, there was no significant difference between control animals and either diabetic or non-diabetic sand rats exposed to the hypercaloric diet. The postprandial glycemia remained fairly stable in the control animals. During a 3-week transition period from a purely vegetal to a hypercaloric diet, the postprandial glycemia increased by 5.95±1.26 mM (n=6) in diabetic sand rats, as distinct from an increase of only 0.45±0.56 mM (n=6) in the non-diabetic animals. During the intermittent fasting period, the postprandial glycemia decreased significantly in the diabetic animals, but not so in the non-diabetic sand rats. Before the switch in food intake, the peak glycemia at the 30th min of an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was already higher in the diabetic than non-diabetic rats. In both the non-diabetic and diabetic sand rats, intermittent fasting prevented the progressive deterioration of glucose tolerance otherwise observed in non-fasting animals. These findings reveal that, at least in sand rats, intermittent daily fasting prevents the progressive deterioration of glucose tolerance otherwise taking place when these animals are exposed to a hypercaloric diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Chronic moderate reduction in energy intake results in the opposite effects, namely increased insulin sensitivity and improved glucose homeostasis (1)(2)(3). In fact, caloric restriction is considered as a common treatment for obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent fasting modulation of the diabetic syndrome in sand rats. II. In vivo investigations

Belkacemi

Selselet‐Attou²,

Louchami³

et al. 2010

Int J Mol Med

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“…In agreement with a previous study (16), muscle TG content was not significantly affected by short-term FR. However, there was a trend (P ϭ 0.14-0.21) for muscle TG to be lower in FR animals that may not have reached significance due to the relatively low TG levels in both groups and the relatively short period of FR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Brief food restriction increases FA oxidation and glycogen synthesis under insulin-stimulated conditions

Tucker

Turcotte

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Tucker, Michelle Z., and Lorraine P. Turcotte. Brief food restriction increases FA oxidation and glycogen synthesis under insulin-stimulated conditions. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 282: R1210-R1218, 2002 10.1152/ajpregu.00248.2001.-To determine the effects of brief food restriction on fatty acid (FA) metabolism, hindlimbs of F344/BN rats fed either ad libitum (AL) or food restricted (FR) to 60% of baseline food intake for 28 days were perfused under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions (20 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 1,000 U/ml insulin, [3-3 H]glucose, and [1-14 C]palmitate). Basal glucose and insulin levels were significantly lower (P Ͻ 0.05) in FR vs. AL rats. Palmitate uptake (34.3 Ϯ 2.7 vs. 24.5 Ϯ 3.1 nmol/g/min) and oxidation (3.8 Ϯ 0.2 vs. 2.7 Ϯ 0.3 nmol ⅐ g Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ) were significantly higher (P Ͻ 0.05) in FR vs. AL rats, respectively. Glucose uptake was increased in FR rats and was accompanied by significant increases in red and white gastrocnemius glycogen synthesis, indicating an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Although muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were not significantly different between groups, glucose uptake and total preperfusion TG concentration were negatively correlated (r 2 ϭ 0.27, P Ͻ 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions, brief FR resulted in an increase in FA oxidative disposal that may contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity. food restriction; fatty acid uptake; intramuscular triglycerides; insulin sensitivity; skeletal muscle FOOD RESTRICTION (FR) has been shown to affect skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism by improving insulin sensitivity (7,8,25). Furthermore, improvements in insulin-stimulated glucose transport have been observed after only 5 days of FR (8). As suggested by the presence of an inverse relationship between insulin sensitivity and muscle triglyceride (TG) content (35), an inherent capacity of muscle to take up and dispose of a fatty acid (FA) load could be critical to the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance. Thus improvements observed in carbohydrate metabolism after FR may be linked to dietary-induced alterations in FA metabolism. Further support for a relationship between carbohydrate and FA metabolism with FR comes from a recent study by Man and coworkers (24). They observed that 4 mo of FR decreased TG levels by 50% in the soleus muscles of young adult Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats (24). The decrease in TG was paralleled by significant improvements in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake measured during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (24). Thus it appears that alterations in FA metabolism with FR may affect insulin sensitivity in muscle.Alterations in muscle FA disposal could be due to changes in rates of FA uptake, oxidation, or storage by muscle. It has recently become evident that alterations in FA uptake could be of primary importance in the regulation of FA utilization in muscle (4,21,40). Indeed, evidence su...

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“…With regard to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, it has been demonstrated that caloric restriction leads to a reduction in the concentration of UDP-N-acetylhexosamines, namely UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, the end products of this biosynthetic pathway (Gazdag et al, 2000). Worth noting is the fact that a role for N-acetylglucosamine as a nutrient sensor and mediator of insulin resistance has been proposed (for review see Wells et al, 2003;Zachara and Hart, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-deprived diet perturbs O-glycosylation of secretory proteins in rat mammary epithelial cells

Lavialle¹,

Chanat²

2008

Animal

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Nutrition modulates both production and composition of milk. Milk composition was studied in rats chronically fed a diet without additional lipids, and therefore eating only traces of the recommended supply of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid. Despite a large decrease in milk-protein synthesis, only protein composition, but not protein concentration, was found to change in the milk of rats following a lipid-deprived diet. Correlatively, we observed a substantial increase in the lactose concentration of milk. Analysis of milk proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis demonstrated that the relative proportion of the various molecular forms of k-casein, an O-glycosylated protein, was modified in the milk of rats receiving the lipiddeprived diet. In tissues, differences in the two-dimensional pattern of k-casein between control and lipid-deprived rats were similar, if not identical. In contrast to k-casein, the molecular forms of a-lactalbumin, an N-glycosylated protein, were not affected by the diet. These data provide evidence that O-glycosylation of milk proteins in the secretory pathway of mammary epithelial cells is modulated by the lipid content of experimental diets.

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Lower calorie intake enhances muscle insulin action and reduces hexosamine levels

Cited by 33 publications

References 46 publications

Intermittent fasting modulation of the diabetic syndrome in sand rats. II. In vivo investigations

Intermittent fasting modulation of the diabetic syndrome in sand rats. II. In vivo investigations

Brief food restriction increases FA oxidation and glycogen synthesis under insulin-stimulated conditions

Lipid-deprived diet perturbs O-glycosylation of secretory proteins in rat mammary epithelial cells

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