Lower circulating levels of complement split proteins C3a and C4a in maternal plasma of women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Gestational diabetes is characterized by lower levels of C3a and C4a in the maternal circulation at the time of term Caesarean delivery.

Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Serum Proteins in Gestational Diabetes during Early and Middle Stages of Pregnancy

“…This shows that the mechanisms of complement systems related to GDM may be complicated, and some complement proteins may be inhibited during pregnancy process. This may lead to defective viral neutralization or cell lysis, which increases the risk of infections, and lead to defective clearance of immune complexes and cause an inflammatory response . The cause of decreased expression in the serum of pregnant women with subsequently developed GDM and/or GDM patients is yet not known.…”

“…Significant adaptations of the immune system occur in pregnancy to ensure the survival of the fetal allograft and maintenance of an immune system to defend the mother and fetus from invaders . On the other hand, high glucose may interfere with the innate function of the complement system and impair the ability of the host to combat infection, and women with GDM having recurrent or persistent infections during pregnancy . Likewise, three inflammatory proteins (A2M, SERPINA1, and SERPINA3) were up‐regulated in 24/12 CTR group and 24/12 GDM group, implying that gestation may be accompanied by an inflammatory response and an exaggerated inflammatory response lead to pregnancy complications, including GDM.…”

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVII. Complement Peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a Receptors

“…Both C4a and C3a levels are predictive of the responses of esophageal cancer patients to chemoradiation (Maher et al, 2011). In more obviously inflammatory disorders, C3a (and to a lesser extent C4a) have been shown to be potentially useful markers in dermatomyositis (Campo et al, 2007), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (Mack et al, 2007), acute Lyme disease in tick-bite patients (Shoemaker et al, 2008;Stricker et al, 2009) (Fassbender et al, 2009), adverse pregnancy outcomes (Lynch et al, 2011), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Marc et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2011), cryptogenic and large-vessel disease subtypes of stroke (Stokowska et al, 2011), heart failure (Gombos et al, 2012), cerebral arteriovenous malformations (Haque et al, 2011), asthma (Joks et al, 2008), gestational diabetes mellitus (Lappas, 2011), SLE (Wild et al, 1990), acute relapses in multiple sclerosis (Ingram et al, 2010), IgA nephropathy/Henoch-Schonlein nephritis (Abou-Ragheb et al, 1992) and impaired renal function (Abou-Ragheb et al, 1991), atopic dermatitis (Sergeev Iu et al, 1989), psoriasis (Takematsu et al, 1986) and psoriatic arthritis (Muto et al, 1991), idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (Abdul-Salam et al, 2006), postexercise malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (Nijs et al, 2010), AIDS-associated retinitis , and grafted corneas . In addition, C4a and C5a levels decrease after liver resection whereas C3a levels increase (Strey et al, 2009); and C3a and C4a are elevated in liver transplant recipients (Pfeifer et al, 2000).…”

Proteomic profiling of heterotopic heart-transplanted rats using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Potential biomarkers and drug targets

“…19 Low level C4a-induced endothelial dysfunction has been described as resulting from defective clearance of immune complexes, which may deposit in nearby tissues and cause local damage. 20 For this reason, C4a has been suggested as a regulatory factor for endothelial protection. In the area of transplantation, immune complexes are considered to contribute to graft-vessel damage, leading to graft loss.…”

“…Inbred 6-8-week-old male DA(RT-1 a ) rats (body weight, 200-220 g) and LEW(RT-1 1 ) rats (body weight, 200-220 g) were used as the cardiac transplant donors and recipients, respectively. All rats ware maintained at [20][21][22][23][24][25] C in a special pathogen-free environment with a natural day/night cycle and free access to food and water. All rats were fasted for 12 h before and after surgery.…”