Lower cranial nerve syndromes: a review

Gutiérrez, Santiago; Warner, Tyler; McCormack, Erin; Werner, Cassidy; Mathkour, Mansour; Iwanaga, Joe; Uz, Aysun; Dumont, Aaron S.; Tubbs, R. Shane

doi:10.1007/s10143-020-01344-w

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Comorbid cerebral disease also increased the risk of postoperative feeding tube dependence, probably because of dysphagia related to brain dysfunction. 30 However, anemia indicated by low hemoglobin levels, comorbid cardiac dysrhythmia, and peripheral vascular diseases were not risk factors for postoperative feeding tube dependence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Novel Risk Model for Predicting Dysphagia after Tongue Reconstruction: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in Japan

Araki

Mori

Yasunaga

et al. 2023

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Background: There is no consensus on the postoperative outcomes of tongue reconstruction. Therefore, the authors developed a novel risk model for predicting dysphagia after tongue reconstruction. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by the Oral Pharyngeal Esophageal Operation and Reconstruction Analytical, or OPERA, group across 31 cancer centers and university hospitals in Japan. A total of 532 patients [390 (73.3%) men and 142 (26.7%) women; median age at surgery, 60 years (range, 15 to 88 years)] who were diagnosed with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and underwent tongue reconstruction following glossectomy between 2009 and 2013 were included. Independent risk factors were identified using univariate regression analysis and converted to a binary format for multivariate analysis. An integer value was assigned to each risk factor to calculate a total score capable of quantifying the risk of feeding tube dependence. Results: Overall, 54 patients (10.2%) required a feeding tube at the time of evaluation. Predictive factors for feeding tube dependence were advanced age, lower American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, low body mass index, lower serum albumin, comorbid hypertension and diabetes, extended tongue defect, resection beyond the tongue, laryngeal suspension, postoperative radiation therapy, and no functional teeth. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age greater than or equal to 58.5 years, postoperative radiation therapy, wider tongue defect, and body mass index less than 21.27 kg/m2 earned 6, 4, 3, and 2 points, respectively, for a maximum total score of 15. Conclusion: The authors’ risk model provides a mathematical tool for estimating the individual risk of postoperative feeding tube dependence before tongue reconstruction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Novel Risk Model for Predicting Dysphagia after Tongue Reconstruction: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in Japan

Araki

Mori

Yasunaga

et al. 2023

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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“…Primary tumors, such as paraganglioma, meningioma, schwannoma, and metastatic tumors located at the base of the skull, are frequently implicated in Vernet syndrome. However, the syndrome can also result from meningitis, external otitis, sarcoidosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and traumatic fractures [142]. Additionally, rare cases have implicated varicella-zoster virus, giant cell arteritis, and acute otitis media as causative agents.…”

Section: Cranial Nerve Xi: Accesory Spinal Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

On the Cranial Nerves

Libreros-Jiménez,

Manzo,

Rojas-Durán

et al. 2023

NeuroSci

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The twelve cranial nerves play a crucial role in the nervous system, orchestrating a myriad of functions vital for our everyday life. These nerves are each specialized for particular tasks. Cranial nerve I, known as the olfactory nerve, is responsible for our sense of smell, allowing us to perceive and distinguish various scents. Cranial nerve II, or the optic nerve, is dedicated to vision, transmitting visual information from the eyes to the brain. Eye movements are governed by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, ensuring our ability to track objects and focus. Cranial nerve V controls facial sensations and jaw movements, while cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, facilitates facial expressions and taste perception. Cranial nerve VIII, or the vestibulocochlear nerve, plays a critical role in hearing and balance. Cranial nerve IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve, affects throat sensations and taste perception. Cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve, is a far-reaching nerve, influencing numerous internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and digestive system. Cranial nerve XI, the accessory nerve, is responsible for neck muscle control, contributing to head movements. Finally, cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve, manages tongue movements, essential for speaking, swallowing, and breathing. Understanding these cranial nerves is fundamental in comprehending the intricate workings of our nervous system and the functions that sustain our daily lives.

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“…Fractures of the posterior skull base are less common but identifiable when patients present with deficits in multiple cranial nerves [17]. Jugular foramen fractures presenting with lower cranial nerve deficits have been reported in the setting of occipital bone fracture with subsequent direct nerve injury or delayed ischemia-related edema [1,47].…”

Section: Skull Fractures Involving Foramina and Fissuresmentioning

confidence: 99%