Lower Extremity Joint Stiffness in Runners with Low Back Pain

Hamill, Joseph; Moses, Michael J.; Seay, Joseph F.

doi:10.1080/15438620903352057

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Kinetic variables included the peak moments and joint stiffness [29] [k j , Equation (1)] of hip, knee and ankle the vertical stiffness of the lower extremity [30] [k vert , Equation (2)], and they were expressed as follows:…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Ground Reaction Forces, Joint Mechanics, and Stiffness during Treadmill Running to Fatigue

et al. 2019

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Purpose: This study aimed to determine the changes in lower extremity biomechanics during running-induced fatigue intervention. Methods: Fourteen male recreational runners were required to run at 3.33 m/s until they could no longer continue running. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) and marker trajectories were recorded intermittently every 2 min to quantify the impact forces and the lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the fatiguing run. Blood lactate concentration (BLa) was also collected before and after running. Results: In comparison with the beginning of the run duration, (1) BLa significantly increased immediately after running, 4 min after running, and 9 min after running; (2) no changes were observed in vertical/anterior-posterior GRF and loading rates; (3) the hip joint range of motion (θ ROM ) significantly increased at 33%, 67%, and 100% of the run duration, whereas θ ROM of the knee joint significantly increased at 67%; (4) no changes were observed in ankle joint kinematics and peak joint moment at the ankle, knee, and hip; and (5) vertical and ankle stiffness decreased at 67% and 100% of the run duration. Conclusion: GRF characteristics did not vary significantly throughout the fatiguing run. However, nonlinear adaptations in lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were observed. In particular, a "soft landing" strategy, achieved by an increased θ ROM at the hip and knee joints and a decreased vertical and ankle stiffness, was initiated from the mid-stage of a fatiguing run to potentially maintain similar impact forces.

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Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Ground Reaction Forces, Joint Mechanics, and Stiffness during Treadmill Running to Fatigue

et al. 2019

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“…For example, SSC effectiveness improves with training [26], and deteriorates in the presence of overuse injuries. Whilst SSC dysfunction has been demonstrated in several overuse conditions [20,35,38], due to its intimate relationship with the SSC, the condition that has received the most attention is Achilles tendinopathy (AT) [14,33,41]. An important physiological phenomenon that links SSC effectiveness and injury is fatigue.…”

Section: Introduction ▼mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Fatigue Modulates Stretch-shortening Cycle Effectiveness – A Possible Role in Lower Limb Overuse Injuries

et al. 2015

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The role of fatigue in injury development is an important consideration for clinicians. In particular, the role of eccentric fatigue in stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activities may be linked to lower limb overuse conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of ankle plantarflexor eccentric fatigue on SSC effectiveness during a hopping task in healthy volunteers. 11 healthy volunteers (23.2?6.7 years) performed a sub-maximal hopping task on a custom-built sledge system. 3D motion capture and surface EMG were utilised to measure lower limb stiffness, temporal kinematic measures and muscle timing measures at baseline and immediately following an eccentric fatigue protocol. A linear mixed model was used to test whether measures differed between conditions. Compared to baseline, eccentric fatigue induced increased stiffness during the hopping task (+?15.3%; P<0.001). Furthermore, ankle stretch amplitude decreased (??9.1%; P<0.001), whilst all other ankle kinematic measures remained unchanged. These changes were accompanied by a temporal shift in onset of activity in soleus and tibialis anterior muscles (??4.6 to ??8.5%; p<0.001). These findings indicate that eccentric fatigue alters SSC effectiveness in healthy volunteers. These findings may be applied to inform pathogenetic models of overuse injury development.

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“…Furthermore, considering that all subjects were healthy, caution should be taken when relating these results to a population with LBP. It has been reported that individuals with LBP display different trunk, pelvis, and lower extremity kinematics compared to healthy individuals (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). While the participants of our study displayed limited passive hip extension similar to individuals who suffer from LBP, they were otherwise a healthy population.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Effects of a Hip Flexor Stretching Program on Running Kinematics in Individuals With Limited Passive Hip Extension

Mettler

Shapiro

Pohl

2019

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Mettler, JH, Shapiro, R, and Pohl, MB. Effects of a hip flexor stretching program on running kinematics in individuals with limited passive hip extension. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-Tightness of the hip flexor muscle group may theoretically contribute to altered kinematics of the lumbo-pelvic-hip (LPH) complex during dynamic movements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a 3-week home-based stretching program on passive hip extension and sagittal plane kinematics of the LPH complex when running. Twenty healthy subjects with limited passive hip extension underwent a 3D gait analysis both before (PRE) and after (POST) a hip flexor stretching program. After the stretching program, passive hip extension increased significantly (p < 0.001), whereas no improvements during running were reported for active hip extension, anterior pelvic tilt, or lumbar spine extension (p ≥ 0.05). In addition, no relationship was found between the change in passive hip extension with either the change in active hip extension, anterior pelvic tilt, or lumbar spine extension. A 3-week static stretching program of the hip flexor muscle group resulted in an increase in passive hip extension, but the sagittal plane kinematics of the LPH complex during running remained unchanged. The results suggest that passive hip joint flexibility may be of limited importance in determining the kinematics of the LPH complex during submaximal running. However, it is possible that an increase in the range of motion at the hip may be beneficial when running at or near maximal speeds.

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Lower Extremity Joint Stiffness in Runners with Low Back Pain

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Changes in Ground Reaction Forces, Joint Mechanics, and Stiffness during Treadmill Running to Fatigue

Changes in Ground Reaction Forces, Joint Mechanics, and Stiffness during Treadmill Running to Fatigue

Eccentric Fatigue Modulates Stretch-shortening Cycle Effectiveness – A Possible Role in Lower Limb Overuse Injuries

Effects of a Hip Flexor Stretching Program on Running Kinematics in Individuals With Limited Passive Hip Extension

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