Lower Flathead System Fisheries Study, Main River and Tributaries, volume II, 1983-1987 Final Report.

DosSantos, Joseph M.; Darling, James E.; Cross, D. G.

doi:10.2172/7198116

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…During the decade of the 1980s the FERC and BPA processes funded various studies (Casey et al, 1987;Beattie et al, 1988;DosSantos et al, 1988;Hauer et al, 1988;Lorang and Stanford, 1988;May et al, 1988;Hall et al, 1989;Lorang and Stanford, 1989;Beattie and Tohtz, 1990;Jourdonnais et al, 1990;Lorang et al, in press) that complemented previous work (summarized above) documenting the effects of stream regulation in the Flathead. Based on this detailed information, mitigation actions were proposed (Montana Power Company, 1990;Fraley et al, 1991) to the regulatory authorities.…”

Section: The Mitigation Processmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Thus, genetically or behaviourally discrete populations of bull charr and cutthroat trout may now exist in both the South Fork and the Swan drainages. Also, in a few small tributaries sewage pollution and agricultural run-off problems have been superimposed on stream regulation effects (Dutton, 1987;DosSantos et al, 1988).…”

Section: History Of Water Regulation In the Flatheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely the stoneflies that are so common in the partially regulated segment upstream of Flathead Lake are very poorly represented in the lower river (Hauer et al, 1989). DosSantos et al (1988) showed that although the lower river contains numerous non-sport fish (i.e. mountain whitefish and squawfish), the trout population is depauperate (i.e.…”

Section: Lower Mainstem Flathead River Below Kerr Dammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating the impacts of stream and lake regulation in the flathead river catchment, Montana, USA: An ecosystem perspective

Stanford¹,

Hauer²

1992

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Seventy-two per cent of the Flathead River catchment (22 241 km2) is federally designated and protected as wilderness or national park. Thus, the catchment remains one of the more pristine areas of its size in the temperate latitudes of the world.2. Discharge in the downstream reaches of the river system outside the protected areas is regulated by three dams for flood control and hydropower production. These dams have blocked natural migration of native fish from Flathead Lake (496 km') and isolated populations in sub-catchments. Temperature and erratic flow fluctuations have altered phenologies of river zoobenthos and fish, and in dam tailwaters aquatic biodiversity is drastically reduced in comparison to unregulated segments.3. Ecological problems caused by changing water quality conditions, altered land-use patterns and introductions of non-native biota are interactive with the impacts of stream and lake level regulation, thereby emphasizing the complexity of this river-lake ecosystem.4. Mitigation of the effects of regulation is compromised by differing management priorities and regulatory mandates of County, State, Tribal, and Federal agencies responsible for natural resource management within the catchment. Moreover, economic and ecological interests outside the Flathead influence the way flows are regulated within the catchment.5. The most pervasive influences of stream and lake regulation can be ameliorated by retrofitting the hypolimnial release dam with a selective depth outlet structure to allow temperature control, and by controlling changes in flow rates to create a more natural hydrograph in the tailwaters of the large dams. Allowing fish passage by construction of fish ladders is problematic because upstream passage will commingle native species that were isolated upstream by construction of the dams with non-native species that were introduced subsequently below the dams. Cascading food web interactions elicited by invasions of non-native biota may offset any advantage to native stocks gained by passage and/ or augmentation with hatchery stocks.6. Mitigation must be adaptive in the sense that unanticipated effects and interactions with other management objectives can be documented and alternative action can be implemented.7. This case history of the effects of stream and lake level regulation, and the approaches to management reviewed in this paper, should serve as a lesson in river conservation.

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Section: The Mitigation Processmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: History Of Water Regulation In the Flatheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lower Mainstem Flathead River Below Kerr Dammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating the impacts of stream and lake regulation in the flathead river catchment, Montana, USA: An ecosystem perspective

Stanford¹,

Hauer²

1992

Aquatic Conservation

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“…The approximate fork length of northern pike at each year of life in western Montana is reported to range as follows: 1 year -7.5 -13 inches, 2 years -13 -21 inches, 3 years -15 -25 inches, 4 years -19 -27 inches, 5 years -24 -31 inches, 6 years -30 inches (Brown 1971, DosSantos 1988). These growth rates are generally slower than those reported for the eastern United States and faster than those from Europe ).…”

Section: Age and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canyon Ferry Reservoir risk assessment : the potential impacts of introduction of five non-native species

Thomas¹

1992

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Water chemistry Summertime turbidity in the Missouri River at Toston averaged 11.34 NTUs during the 1980's. The maximum turbidity recorded by the USGS was 60 NTUs on May 5, 1981. Typical late summer turbidity readings are 2-5 NTUs. Dissolved oxygen in the Missouri River at Toston rarely falls below 8.0 mg/1 and 90% saturation. The average minimum DO (based on 9 years of record) is 8.7 mg/1. The Ph of the Missouri River at Toston ranges from 7.6-8.7, with the average pH being 8.17. Summertime turbidity in Canyon Ferry Reservoir ranges from 4.0-100.0 {% trans.), with an average of 85.1, based on USEPA data collected in 1975. The pH levels in Canyon Ferry vary between 7.2 and 8.6, with the average being 8.1. Dissolved oxygen in Canyon Ferry, measured near the dam, ranges from 0.6 mg/1 to 11.6 mg/1, with an average of 7.6 mg/1. The percent saturation ranges from 5.3% to 100.0%. DO levels typically vary with depth, with surface waters being more oxygenated. Canyon Ferry is no exception, with lowest DO readings coming from a depth of 145 feet. The minimum DO at 27 feet (the approximate depth of the thermocline) was 4.0 mg/1, 39.2% saturation. During 1975, the minimum DO recorded in the surface water was 8.2 mg/1, 74.3% saturation. SMALLMOUTH BASS Review of life history of smallmouth bass The smallmouth bass is native to the eastern and central United States and Canada. The species has been introduced across the United States and much of the world. Smallmouth are not native to Montana. The first known introduction occurred in Horseshoe Lake (near Bigfork) in 1914 (Brown 1971). Smallmouth bass are currently distributed in a variety of coolwater habitats across Montana, including Noxon Reservoir in western Montana and the Tongue River in southeastern Montana. The smallmouth is divided into two subspecies, the northern smallmouth Micropterus d. dolomieui and the Neosho smallmouth Micropterus d. velox (Hubbs and Bailey 1940). It is the northern smallmouth that is reviewed in this report. Smallmouth bass are not currently known to exist in Canyon Ferry Reservoir. Age and growth. Smallmouth are generally a long lived species. Individuals to 15 years old have been reported (Scott and Crossraan 1973). Smallmouths seem to live longer in the Pacific northwest than the mid-west, with a 13 year old smallmouth reported from the Snake River, Washington (Bennett et al 1983).

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Biotic and Abiotic Controls in River and Stream Communities

Power¹,

Stout²,

Cushing³

et al. 1988

Journal of the North American Benthological Society

293

155

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Lower Flathead System Fisheries Study, Main River and Tributaries, volume II, 1983-1987 Final Report.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Mitigating the impacts of stream and lake regulation in the flathead river catchment, Montana, USA: An ecosystem perspective

Mitigating the impacts of stream and lake regulation in the flathead river catchment, Montana, USA: An ecosystem perspective

Canyon Ferry Reservoir risk assessment : the potential impacts of introduction of five non-native species

Biotic and Abiotic Controls in River and Stream Communities

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