Lower Fumonisin Mycotoxin Levels in the Grain of Bt Corn Grown in the United States in 2000−2002

Hammond, Bruce G.; Campbell, K. W.; Pilcher, Clinton D.; DeGooyer, Todd A.; Robinson, Aaron E.; McMillen, Brian L; Spangler, Steven M; Riordan, Susan G.; Rice, L. G.; Richard, J. L.

doi:10.1021/jf030441c

Cited by 113 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some field trials, conducted in the USA in 2000-2002, demonstrated that fumonisin levels were frequently lower in grains of Bt hybrids than in non-Bt varieties (Hammond et al, 2004). Other experiments carried out in central Europe concluded that Bt maize hybrids slightly reduced the fusariotoxin level of maize (Magg et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Folcher

Délos²,

Marengue³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. during plant cultivation induce severe diseases in animal and humans. In 2007 a European Union regulation set maximum concentrations of mycotoxins in maize and derivatives of 4000 ppb for fumonisins B 1 and B 2 , 1750 ppb for deoxynivalenol, and 350 ppb for zearalenone. To assess the safety of French maize food, investigations are currently being carried out by the national Biological Risk Monitoring network. Here, 84 plots were cropped with the Bt maize MON 810 and its isogenic non-Bt counterpart in 2005 and 2006 in Southwestern France. Mycotoxin levels were measured in grain at harvest. Fumonisins B 1 and B 2 , deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were analysed statistically using non-parametric tests for mycotoxins and analysis of variance for weather variables. As the climate was homogenous inside the experimental area, the transgenic event introduced into the maize was the only key parameter which differed between Bt and non-Bt maize plots. Our results show that Bt maize decreased concentrations of fumonisins by 90% and zearalenone by 50%, whereas the concentration of deoxynivalenol was slightly increased. Those findings suggest a competition among Fusarium species that produce fumonisins or trichothecenes. According to the European regulation, 93% of the Bt maize crops can be sold, compared with only 45% for non-Bt maize plots. Our results thus show that Bt maize improved food safety by greatly reducing mycotoxin levels in field crops in Southwestern France.Bt MON810 maize / fumonisins B 1 and B 2 / deoxynivalenol / zearalenone / Regulation 1126/2007

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Folcher

Délos²,

Marengue³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Within a year or two of the availability of fumonisin analytical standards, a field survey demonstrated that the incidence of the European corn borer increased Fusarium kernel rot and fumonisin concentrations (Lew et al 1991). Maize genotypes containing the anti-insectan Bt protein have reduced amounts of fumonisin compared to non-Bt genotypes (Bakan et al 2002;Hammond et al 2004;De La Campa et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in small grains and maize: Old problems, new challenges

Miller

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

204

135

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This paper reviews the challenges relating to chronic contamination of small grains and maize with deoxynivalenol and related compounds, fumonisin and the use of ensiled cereals in cool dairy areas. Uncertainties in the tolerable daily intakes for deoxynivalenol and fumonisin are discussed as they have the potential to affect current regulatory limits. In addition, climate change is resulting in more extreme rainfall and drought events which favour formation of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin, respectively. The development and refinement of models for predicting mycotoxin accumulation from weather data will become an essential tool for managing these events. Such models are also important for providing timely food aid to developing countries, which experience increased occurrence of acute toxicities, especially in children. Chronic contamination of silage in some areas with some Penicillium toxins deserves more attention in terms of their economic effects and possible implications for the purity of milk.

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“…The success of the Bt technology in maize (Armstrong et al 1995;Barry et al 2000), and cotton (Cattaneo et al 2006), is a strong rationale for the evaluation of this technology in sorghum as a means to combat specific target insect pests. Importantly, in addition to Bt's direct impact in impeding insect pest feeding damage, a secondary effect observed with the use of this technology is a significant reduction in accumulation of various mycotoxins in plant tissues (Abbas et al 2008;Bakan et al 2002;Hammond et al 2004). This secondary attribute of the Bt technology may serve as a valuable mechanism to limit quality issues of sorghum related to contamination of these toxins that may occur under certain conditions and fungal infestation levels (Ghali et al 2009;Reddy and Raghavender 2008;Reddy et al 2010).…”

Section: Target Input Traits For Sorghum Through Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%