Lower Grade Gliomas

Abstract

Purpose of Review Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are a group of primary brain tumors that arise from supporting glial cells. They are characterized by a mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme and include astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. They usually affect young adults, and their main treatment consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation and chemotherapy in selected patients. This article reviews recent research on the clinical and molecular aspects of the disease and innovative therapeutic modalities in the process. Recent Findings Newly identified clinical and molecular features are currently used in the classification of LGG and applied in treatment-planning decisions. Advanced studies on the cellular level have an advanced understanding of the metabolic effects induced by IDH mutations, offering opportunities for specific targeted therapies that may improve patient outcomes. Such findings may lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of these tumors. Summary Although LGG are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, these therapies are not curative, and patient survival remains limited, raising the need for more creative and effective interventions.

Construction of a prognostic immune signature for lower grade glioma that can be recognized by MRI radiomics features to predict survival in LGG patients

“…Despite recent significant advances in treatment and diagnosis of LGG, most LGG patients have poor prognosis [46] . Although neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy improves overall prognosis of patients, immunotherapy for gliomas is now in clinical trials with slow progress [47] , [48] , [49] .…”

Synergistic Effect of Perampanel and Temozolomide in Human Glioma Cell Lines

“…With the exception of grade I glioma, these tumors invariably progress intracranially, despite all available treatment modalities, leading to disability and death. Life expectancy depends on tumor grade and molecular features, ranging from a median of 14.6 months in glioblastoma (GBM) after surgery, radiation therapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy to a median of more than 15 years in grade II oligodendroglioma with a favorable molecular profile (i.e., 1p/19q co-deletion) and clinical features (age, neurological conditions, tumor size) [ 1 , 2 ].…”

The evolution of eloquent located low-grade gliomas surgical approaches, their natural history and molecular classification

“…Diffuse low-grade gliomas or World Health Organisation grade II gliomas (LGG) represents a group of tumours developed from oligodendrocyte and astrocytic precursors, with a slow and continuously growth pattern, infiltrative character, usually along white matter tracts and progression towards a malignant histological type. Traditionally this includes diffuse astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and oligoastrocytoma [35,66].…”