Lower Heating Value Dynamics during Municipal Solid Waste Bio-Drying

Rada, Elena Cristina; Franzinelli, A; Taiss, M.; Ragazzi, Marco; Panaitescu, Valeriu; Apostol, Tiberiu

doi:10.1080/09593332808618807

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This approximation is acceptable because the efficacy of recyclable material separation from a bio-dried material is very high. The energy loss from the initial LHV during bio-drying was assumed to be negligible [26]: the initial energy is all concentrated in a lower mass. Table 5 also presents the energy contents of MSW and RMSW; LHVs are assessed according to literature data [9,26].…”

Section: Rdf and Srf Characterization And Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy loss from the initial LHV during bio-drying was assumed to be negligible [26]: the initial energy is all concentrated in a lower mass. Table 5 also presents the energy contents of MSW and RMSW; LHVs are assessed according to literature data [9,26]. Data from Table 5 enable the level of source separation for each stream for both the case studies to be assessed (Table 6).…”

Section: Rdf and Srf Characterization And Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RDF/SRF Evolution in the MSW sector: coexistence of BMT and selective collection

Rada¹,

Ragazzi²

2015

Int. J. SDP

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Mechanical biological treatments (MBTs) are extensively used for managing municipal solid waste (MSW). There are four different methods: fertilizer or compost-like output production, biogas/energy production, wastederived fuel production and disposal in landfills. One issue is the varying characteristics of the waste fed over the lifetime of the plant. This problem is only partially related to the composition dynamics of the generated MSW. Indeed, the main source of input fluctuation of the plant is a result of the implementation of selective collection (SC) strategies, which modify the composition of residual MSW (RMSW). Often the SC strategies are not developed in harmony with the presence or planning of treatment plants, which can consequently suffer from significant variations. A lack of optimization in MSW management strategies and the implementation of new more stringent regulations applied to the final solid products from MBTs could result in a higher tariff for the users. This paper analyses these two problems in terms of two SC scenarios. The consequent effects on the composition of RMSW and on the performance of bio-drying (one of the MBTs options) are discussed. The effect of different SC strategies of MSW is analysed also in terms of RMSW suitability to be converted into refuse derived fuel/solid recovered fuel with simplified treatments. The role of respirometry is also discussed.

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Section: Rdf and Srf Characterization And Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rdf and Srf Characterization And Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RDF/SRF Evolution in the MSW sector: coexistence of BMT and selective collection

Rada¹,

Ragazzi²

2015

Int. J. SDP

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“…The air outflow is located at the center of the top wall (z = 1 m) and has the same dimensions of the inflow located below. The physical situation presented in this work is the same that is studied experimentally in reference (Rada et al, 2007), which provides a good source for validation of the general mathematical modeling.…”

Section: Physical Situation Of An Experimental Bioreactormentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Rada et al (2007). The self-heating, product of the biological and chemical heat generation is clearly observable.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

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On FVM Transport Phenomena Prediction in Porous Media with Chemical/Biological Reactions or Solid-Liquid Phase Change

Moraga¹,

Zambra²

2012

Finite Volume Method - Powerful Means of Engineering Design

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IntroductionThe aim of the chapter is to show the FVM capabilities in the accurate and efficient prediction of transport phenomena in porous media including either biological, chemical reactions or liquid-solid phase transformations. Four applied technological problems are solved with the FVM. Problem 1 is related to heat and mass diffusion in a saturated porous media where chemical and biological reactions occur. Such a situation can be found in compost piles resulting from contaminated water treatments. Field experimental data are used to assess the quality of FVM calculations for temperature and oxygen concentration distribution time variations along the prediction of thermal explosions (Moraga, 2009) and effect of the moisture in compost piles self-heating . Problem 2 deals with the improvement of thermal energy efficiency and pollution reduction in hydrocarbons combustion. Methane combustion with air in a cylindrical porous burner is investigated by solving 2D unsteady continuity, linear momentum, energy, and chemical species governing equations with the FVM. Sensibility studies performed via numerical tests allowed to obtain numerical results for unsteady velocity and temperature distributions, along to the displacement of the combustion zone. The effects of inlet reactants velocity (methane and air) in the range 0.3-0.6 m/s; excess air ratios between 3 and 6 and porosities of 0.3 up to 0.6 in the fluid dynamics, forced convection heat transfer and combustion process are described . Problem 3 is devoted to characterize 3D natural convection and heat conduction with solidification inside a cavity filled with a porous media, in which a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer flow model is used. This infiltration technique can be applied to produce new materials with enhanced physical properties. A fixed grid method is used along the FVM to solve, with a temperature dependent liquid fraction, the moving boundary problem by using a power law model for binary non Newtonian alloys . Problem 4 describes 3D turbulent convective heat transfer in a bioreactor, including the self-heating of the porous material due to chemical and biological reactions. FVM simulation based on a coupled heat mass transfer external forced convection model is used to assess the effects of reactor geometry, self-heating parameters, air flow and temperature in the bioreactor performance. The mathematical model includes the convective turbulent flow of momentum, energy and oxygen concentration, with www.intechopen.com Finite Volume Method -Powerful Means of Engineering Design 258 the κ-ε turbulence model, and the diffusion of energy and oxygen concentration in the saturated porous medium. Numerical results for the dependent variables are successfully validated with experimental data. Issues such as the use of dynamic time steps, under-relation of dependent variables and local refined meshes are discussed in each one of the problems solved. The pressure-velocity-temperature-chemical species coupling is discussed and a novel PSIMPLER method for the FVM is...

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Heavy Metals

Aydın

2016

Handbook of Combustion

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Heavy metals in combustible materials such as fossil fuels, biomass, municipal and medical wastes, sewage sludges, and in industrial wastes such as slags, are important pollutants for the environment. The bottom ashes and fly ashes from the combustion and incineration processes contain heavy metals as enrichment products in significant ratios. Therefore, heavy‐metal enrichment after combustion and incineration processes have been extensively discussed in this chapter. The health effects of heavy metals are described, with special attention paid to safe use of the combustion and incineration residues and fly ashes. The utilization of residues and fly ashes in cement production, soil remediation, adsorption of different pollutants and heavy metal recovery are outlined, as well as the stabilization/solidification of ashes and slags.

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Lower Heating Value Dynamics during Municipal Solid Waste Bio-Drying

Cited by 67 publications

References 3 publications

RDF/SRF Evolution in the MSW sector: coexistence of BMT and selective collection

RDF/SRF Evolution in the MSW sector: coexistence of BMT and selective collection

On FVM Transport Phenomena Prediction in Porous Media with Chemical/Biological Reactions or Solid-Liquid Phase Change

Heavy Metals

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