Lower Ordovician (late Tremadocian?- Floian) palynomorphs from the Llanos Basin, Colombia: Biostratigraphic and paleogeographic significance

Peri-Gondwanan acritarchs and chitinozoans from the Lower–Middle Ordovician Lashkarak Formation in the Alborz Mountain Ranges, northern Iran: regional stratigraphical significance and palaeogeographical implications

“…Arbusculidium filamentosum was suggested by Vavrdová (1972) as an excellent index species in the peri-Gondwanan acritarch palaeoprovince, occurring along the subpolar margin of Gondwana. This species has so far been recorded in numerous localities, consisting of Floian strata in the Iranian Platform (Ghavidel-Syooki 1990, 1995, 1996, 2006, 2021), Pakistan (Tongiorgi et al 1994), Morocco (Cramer et al 1974), Argentina (Rubinstein et al 2001, 2019), and Floian–Darriwilian in China (Li 1987; Yin 1995; Tongiorgi et al 2003; Yan et al 2013). The stratigraphical occurrence of this species was verified by independent age control: the lower record is from the early Floian ( Didymograptus extensus graptolite Zone) Wabana Group in Bell Island, eastern Newfoundland, Canada (Martin in Dean and Martin 1978), and the highest record is from the late Floian ( Tetragraptus reclinatus abbreviatus graptolite Zone) Klabava Formation of the Prague Basin, Czech Republic (Vavrdová 1990).…”

“…In the present material, the FAD of C. bohemicum is in the Floian Stage. Coryphidium bohemicum is the type species of the genus Coryphidium and has been recorded from many localities around the margin of Gondwana, including the Floian of France (Rauscher 1973), Italy (Albani 1989), Pakistan (Tongiorgi et al 1994; Quintavalle et al 2000), Iran (Ghavidel-Syooki 1990, 2006, 2021; Ghavidel-Syooki et al 2014), and Argentina (Rubinstein et al 2001); the Floian–Darriwilan of England (Turner and Wadge 1979; Cooper et al 1995; Molyneux and Leader 1997), southern China (Li 1987; Yin 1995; Brocke et al 2000; Tongiorgi et al 2003), Morocco (Cramer et al 1974), and Czech Republic (Vavrdová 1972, 1976, 1977, 1993); and the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of Tunisia (Vecoli et al 1999), Germany (Maletz and Servais 1993), and Colombia (Rubinstein et al 2019).…”

Biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic implications of Ordovician and Silurian chitinozoa from the High Zagros Mountains, Northern Persian Gulf, Iran

“…Eremochitina brevis has been recorded from the south-sub-polar margin of peri-Gondwana in southeastern Europe and North Africa (Gutiérrez-Marco et al 2013). This species has been recorded in the Floian, a sedimentary sequence overlying the lshkarwaz Granite, Yarkhun valley, Chitral, Pakistan (Tongiorgi et al 1994); upper Lower Ordovician (Floian)–lower Middle Ordovician (Dapingian) of the Suri and Molle’s formations, northwestern Argentina (Achab et al 2006); late Tremadocian–middle Floian, Colombia (Rubinstein et al 2019); Floian, Morocco (Elaouad-Debbaj 1984); Floian–Dapingian, Libya (Abuhmida and Wellman 2017); Early Ordovician (Floian), southern China (Chen et al 2009; Liang et al 2018); late Early Ordovician (Floian), Turkey (Paris et al 2007); upper Lower Ordovician (Floian), and the Zardkuh Formation in the High Zagros Mountains (Ghavidel-Syooki et al 2011b; Ghavidel-Syooki 2021).…”

Virgatasporites and Attritasporites: the oldest land plant derived spores, cryptospores or acritarchs?

“…During the Furongian, occurrences of Virgatasporites are very limited, with V. rudii being only known from Spain (Albani et al 2006) and the Zagros Basin in southern Iran (Ghavidel-Syooki 2019), both located on the western margin of Gondwana at that time. The genus becomes more widely distributed, and has been reported from the Avalonian locations of Nova Scotia, Canada (White et al 2012), England (Rasul and Downie 1974), Belgium (Herbosch et al 1991;Breuer and Vanguestaine 2004), and Rügen, Germany (Servais and Molyneux 1997), and in the periphery of the Gondwanan supercontinent from the Llanos Basin in Colombia (Rubinstein et al 2019), Portugal (Piçarra et al 2011), Spain (Fombella 1983), Sardinia, Italy (Albani 1989), Algeria (Combaz 1967), Tunisia (Vecoli 1999), Saudi Arabia (Jachowicz 1995;Al-Husseini 2010), and the Alborz Mountains, Iran (this study). In the Middle Ordovician, the distribution of Virgatasporites becomes more limited, with findings in Morocco (Cramer and Díez 1977), the Czech Republic (Vavrdová 1990(Vavrdová , 1993, Libya (Abuhmida and Wellman 2017), Turkey (Paris et al 2007), Saudi Arabia (Le Hérissé et al 2017Vecoli and Cesari 2019), Oman (Rickards et al 2010) and Argentina (Volkheimer et al 1980).…”

“…The occurrences in the Ordovician of South China, recorded by Fang (1987) and Gao (1991) indicate an extension of the palaeobiogeographical distribution towards the North-East. It appears that the two genera occurred widely along the western and southern margins of Gondwana, but a few occurrences from the eastern side of the continent, with occurrences from Argentina (Volkheimer 1980) and Colombia (Rubinstein et al 2019), have also been mentioned. The known distribution area of Attritasporites is even more limited than that of Virgatasporites, and confined to the southern European and North African part of Gondwana, with a possible extension of the palaeogeographical distribution towards South China (Wang et al 2013).…”