Lower precombat intelligence is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Macklin, Michael L.; Metzger, Linda J.; Litz, Brett T.; McNally, Richard J.; Lasko, Natasha B.; Orr, Scott P.; Pitman, Roger K.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.2.323

Cited by 253 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Lower intellectual functioning was associated with risk for PTSD in a meta-analysis of 6 studies with a total of 1,149, and this relationship represented a small mean effect size (r = 18; Brewin et al, 2000). Two studies found that the relationship between lower IQ and PTSD remained even after controlling for level of combat exposure (Macklin et al, 1998;McNally & Shin, 1995). This relationship between lower IQ and PTSD was supported by subsequent studies with Veterans (Gilbertson, Gurvits, Lasko, Orr, & Pitman, 2001;Vasterling et al, 2002;Gale, Deary, Boyle, Barefoot, Mortensen, & Batty, 2008;Kremen, et al, 2007).…”

Section: Neuropsychology Of Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

et al. 2012

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are highly prevalent among Veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These conditions are associated with common and unique neuropsychological and neuroanatomical changes. This review synthesizes neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies for both of these disorders and studies examining their co-occurrence. Recommendations for future research, including utilizing combined neuropsychological and advanced neuroimaging techniques to study these disorders alone and in concert, are presented. It is clear from the dearth of literature that more attention in the literature should be given to examining temporal relationships between PTSD and mTBI, risk and resilience factors associated with both disorders and their co-occurrence, and mTBI-specific factors such as time since injury and severity of injury, utilizing comprehensive, yet targeted cognitive tasks.

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Section: Neuropsychology Of Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

et al. 2012

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“…Retrospective case-control studies suggest that lower IQ is a risk factor for development of PTSD (McNally and Shin, 1995;Macklin et al, 1998;Gurvits et al, 2000). It may be that individuals with lower IQs cope less effectively with trauma on a cognitive level, or that those with higher IQs cope more effectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological function in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Twamley

Hami

Stein

2004

Psychiatry Research

105

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Previous research on the neuropsychology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has identified several neurocognitive deficits that co-occur with the disorder. However, it remains unclear whether these deficits are due to trauma exposure, PTSD symptomatology or psychiatricysubstance abuse comorbidity. We examined trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological performance in 235 undergraduate students, i.e. a non-clinical sample. The sample comprised 146 subjects with trauma exposure (38 with current PTSD and 108 without lifetime PTSD) and 89 no-trauma comparison (NC) subjects who were administered tests of attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, word generation and executive functioning. Relationships of neuropsychological functioning to measures of psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse were examined. Current PTSD (PTSDq), trauma-exposed without PTSD (PTSDy) and NC subjects did not differ significantly on the vast majority of neuropsychological tests. There were very few significant associations between neuropsychological performance and clinical variables, and those that were statistically significant were small in magnitude. The striking lack of differences in neuropsychological performance between the three groups suggests that college students with trauma exposure, regardless of the presence of PTSD symptoms, may be cognitively resilient. Neuropsychological impairment may not be an invariant feature of PTSD, but when it is present, it may be associated with poorer functional outcomes.

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“…Studies (reviewed below) have typically annotated the type of traumatic event, participants’ symptoms, and information about known PTSD predictors, such as gender, lifetime trauma exposure, prior mental illness, education, and recovery environment (Brewin, Andrews, & Valentine, 2000; Bryant et al, 2012; Freedman et al, 2002; Gabert-Quillen et al, 2012; Koren, Arnon, & Klein, 1999; Macklin et al, 1998; Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003), to evaluate prediction of non-remitting PTSD. These data constitute a viable source for inferring risk estimates across different studies, while reflecting the specific culture and context in which each study was conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

Ratanatharathorn

Gevonden

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Understanding the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a precondition for efficient risk assessment and prevention planning. Studies to date have been site and sample specific. Towards developing generalizable models of PTSD development and prediction, the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) compiled data from 13 longitudinal, acute-care based PTSD studies performed in six different countries.Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe the ICPP’s approach to data pooling and harmonization, and present cross-study descriptive results informing the longitudinal course of PTSD after acute trauma.Methods: Item-level data from 13 longitudinal studies of adult civilian trauma survivors were collected. Constructs (e.g. PTSD, depression), measures (questions or scales), and time variables (days from trauma) were identified and harmonized, and those with inconsistent coding (e.g. education, lifetime trauma exposure) were recoded. Administered in 11 studies, the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) emerged as the main measure of PTSD diagnosis and severity.Results: The pooled data set included 6254 subjects (39.9% female). Studies’ average retention rate was 87.0% (range 49.1–93.5%). Participants’ baseline assessments took place within 2 months of trauma exposure. Follow-up durations ranged from 188 to 1110 days. Reflecting studies’ inclusion criteria, the prevalence of baseline PTSD differed significantly between studies (range 3.1–61.6%), and similar differences were observed in subsequent assessments (4.3–38.2% and 3.8–27.0% for second and third assessments, respectively).Conclusion: Pooling data from independently collected studies requires careful curation of individual data sets for extracting and optimizing informative commonalities. However, it is an important step towards developing robust and generalizable prediction models for PTSD and can exceed findings of single studies. The large differences in prevalence of PTSD longitudinally cautions against using any individual study to infer trauma outcome. The multiplicity of instruments used in individual studies emphasizes the need for common data elements in future studies.

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Lower precombat intelligence is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Cited by 253 publications

References 12 publications

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

Neuropsychological function in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Application of data pooling to longitudinal studies of early post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) project

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