Lower Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes Associated With Daily Seal Oil or Salmon Consumption among Alaska Natives

Adler, Amanda I; Boyko, Edward J.; Schraer, Cynthia D; Murphy, Neil

doi:10.2337/diacare.17.12.1498

Cited by 131 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although the controversy in earlier data concerning marine fatty acids and glucose metabolism (Salomaa et al, 1990;Feskens et al, 1991Feskens et al, , 1995Borkman et al, 1993;Adler et al, 1994;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Baur et al, 1998;Gustafsson et al, 1998;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Ekblond et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) may be partly explained by different doses and durations of supplementation in intervention studies, and by different background diets between the study populations, inclusion of subjects with different PPARG Pro12Ala genotypes could also influence the outcome of the study. That PPARG genotype may affect the associations of dietary fat composition with insulin concentrations (Luan et al, 2001) and serum triacylglycerol response to fish oil supplementation (Lindi et al, 2003) was suggested previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, long-chain nÀ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been found to be associated with enhanced glucose metabolism (Feskens et al, 1991;Adler et al, 1994;Feskens et al, 1995;Baur et al, 1998;Ekblond et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) and to lower serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations (Gustafsson et al, 1998), although there are also contradictory results (Salomaa et al, 1990;Borkman et al, 1993;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004). It is not known whether some of the discrepancies in previous results could be attributed to differences in the genetic background of the subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Ylonen

Salminen

Lyssenko³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Data on associations between marine nÀ3 fatty acids and glucose metabolism are inconsistent. Therefore, we explored effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g2 gene on associations of fish intake and dietary and plasma eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid with glucose metabolism. The design comprises of the cross-sectional analysis. Subjects/Methods: The Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR-g2 (PPARG) gene was genotyped in 571 non-diabetic relatives of subjects with type II diabetes. The dietary intake was measured by a 3-day food record, and the plasma cholesterol ester fatty acid composition was analysed with gas chromatography. Associations of dietary and plasma variables with insulin resistance and fasting and 2-h glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were analysed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: In men, there was a significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and plasma docosahexaenoic acid on fasting free fatty acid concentration (P ¼ 0.036), and genotype-stratified models showed an inverse association in Pro homozygotes only (P ¼ 0.028). In women, the proportion of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in Ala-allele carriers compared to Pro homozygotes (1.67 vs 1.44% respectively, P ¼ 0.006). A significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and fish intake on 2-h glucose was found in women (P ¼ 0.021), and genotype-stratified models suggested an inverse association in Ala-allele carriers only (P ¼ 0.039). Conclusions: The findings suggest that PPARG polymorphism might affect the plasma proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and modulate the associations of fish intake and marine nÀ3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism and fasting free fatty acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Ylonen

Salminen

Lyssenko³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…With these metabolic effects, the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are centrally placed in the pathogenesis of the insulin resistance syndrome (DeFronzo & Ferrannini, 1991;Reaven, 1993). In a population survey among Alaska Natives, the consumption of seal oil and salmon was associated with a reduced risk of glucose intolerance (Adler et al, 1994), and in a study of Alaska Eskimos (Central and Siberian Yupik and Inupiat) concentrations of some n-3 fatty acids (C18:3n-3 and C20:5n-3) were reduced among those with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes (Ebbesson et al, 1999). On the contrary, we found that fasting blood glucose increased with the consumption of marine food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A traditional diet is generally associated with high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and low triglyceride (Nobmann et al, 1994;Young, 1996;Bjerregaard et al, 1997), but one study from Southern Greenland failed to show this (de Knijff et al, 1992). The consumption of seal oil and salmon was associated with a reduced risk of glucose intolerance among Alaska Natives (Adler et al, 1994), and Alaska Eskimos with impaired glucose tolerance had reduced concentrations of some n-3 fatty acids (Ebbesson et al, 1999). In Igloolik, North West Territories, Canada, a survey in 1969 ± 1970 showed a low mean blood pressure and no rise with age (Hildes and Schaefer, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations of a marine diet with plasma lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure and obesity among the Inuit in Greenland

2000

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Objective: To analyse the associations between the intake of ®sh and marine mammals and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, ie lipid pro®le, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and obesity, in a population whose average consumption of n-3 fatty acids is high compared with Western countries. Design: Information was obtained from a population survey in Greenland: interview data, clinical data and fasting blood samples were obtained from a random sample of Inuit from three towns and four villages. Subjects: Two-hundred and ®fty-nine adult Inuit (74% of the sample). Results: Marine diet was positively associated with serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and blood glucose and inversely with very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride. Association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), diastolic and systolic blood pressure, waist ± hip ratio and body mass index were inconsistent and not statistically signi®cant. The pattern was similar within groups with low, medium and high consumption of marine food. Conclusions: There are statistically signi®cant associations between the consumption of marine food and certain lipid fractions in the blood also in this population with a very high average intake of marine food. The observation that blood glucose is positively associated with marine diet in a population survey is new and should be repeated. There was good agreement between the results for the reported consumption of seal and those for the biomarkers.

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“…Increased dietary intake of ω-3 fatty acids is generally accepted to promote leanness by increasing adaptive hormone release from the endocrine pancreas (46,47). eCBs are derived from arachidonic acid (20:4), an ω-6 PUFA.…”

Section: -Ag Signaling Modulates β Cell Survival In Pancreatic Pseudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal endocannabinoids orchestrate the organization of pancreatic islet microarchitecture

Malenczyk

Keimpema

Piscitelli

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Endocannabinoids are implicated in the control of glucose utilization and energy homeostasis by orchestrating pancreatic hormone release. Moreover, in some cell niches, endocannabinoids regulate cell proliferation, fate determination, and migration. Nevertheless, endocannabinoid contributions to the development of the endocrine pancreas remain unknown. Here, we show that α cells produce the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in mouse fetuses and human pancreatic islets, which primes the recruitment of β cells by CB 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB 1 R) engagement. Using subtractive pharmacology, we extend these findings to anandamide, a promiscuous endocannabinoid/endovanilloid ligand, which impacts both the determination of islet size by cell proliferation and α/β cell sorting by differential activation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and CB 1 Rs. Accordingly, genetic disruption of TRPV1 channels increases islet size whereas CB 1 R knockout augments cellular heterogeneity and favors insulin over glucagon release. Dietary enrichment in ω-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation in mice, which permanently reduces endocannabinoid levels in the offspring, phenocopies CB 1 R −/− islet microstructure and improves coordinated hormone secretion. Overall, our data mechanistically link endocannabinoids to cell proliferation and sorting during pancreatic islet formation, as well as to life-long programming of hormonal determinants of glucose homeostasis.A nandamide (AEA) and 2-arachydonoylglycerol (2-AG), major endocannabinoids (eCBs), are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis through coordinated actions in peripheral organs (adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas) and brain (hypothalamus, ventral striatum) (1). eCB signals are particularly significant to coordinate the regulated release of insulin and glucagon from mature pancreatic islets (2-6). Genetic evidence from CB 1 cannabinoid receptor −/− (CB 1 R −/− ) mice supports these findings because CB 1 R −/− mice are lean, resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes (4, 7-9). Whether eCBs impact the formation of the endocrine pancreas and predispose it to long-lasting changes in hormone release postnatally remains unknown.Because eCBs broadly affect cell proliferation, fate, motility, and differentiation (e.g., in sperm, hematopoietic and T cells, and neurons) (10-13), it is likely that they play a role in the cellular organization of developing pancreatic islets, possibly by affecting the spatial segregation of α and β cells. A contribution of eCBs to cell diversification and positioning in the developing pancreas is supported by the temporal control of their levels in fetal tissues (14) and circulation (15). Moreover, α and β cells in mature pancreatic islets express the molecular machinery for eCB metabolism together with CB 1 Rs and transient receptor potential cation channels, particularly subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) (2,16,17). Understanding these developmental processes is also relevant to po...

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Lower Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes Associated With Daily Seal Oil or Salmon Consumption among Alaska Natives

Abstract: Consumption of seal oil and salmon, high in omega-3 fatty acids, appears to lower the risk of glucose intolerance and is a potentially modifiable risk factor for NIDDM in Alaska Natives.

Cited by 131 publications

References 9 publications

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

The associations of a marine diet with plasma lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure and obesity among the Inuit in Greenland

Fetal endocannabinoids orchestrate the organization of pancreatic islet microarchitecture

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