Lower relapse rates after neighbourhood injection of Corynebacterium parvum in operable cervix carcinoma

Battista

et al. 2022

Cancers

Purpose: To systematically review the current body of evidence on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for cervical cancer (CC). Material and Methods: Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science were searched for prospective trials assessing immunotherapy in CC patients in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Full-text articles in English and German reporting outcomes of survival, response rates or safety were eligible. Results: Of 4655 screened studies, 51 were included (immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) n=20; therapeutic vaccines n = 25; adoptive cell transfer therapy n=9). Of these, one qualified as a phase III randomized controlled trial and demonstrated increased overall survival following treatment with pembrolizumab, chemotherapy and bevacizumab. A minority of studies included a control group (n = 7) or more than 50 patients (n = 15). Overall, response rates were low to moderate. No response to ICIs was seen in PD-L1 negative patients. However, few remarkable results were achieved in heavily pretreated patients. There were no safety concerns in any of the included studies. Conclusion: Strong evidence on the efficacy of strategies to treat recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer is currently limited to pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy and bevacizumab, which substantiates an urgent need for large confirmatory trials on alternative immunotherapies. Overall, there is sound evidence on the safety of immunotherapy in CC.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy for Cervical Cancer—A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Battista

et al. 2022

Cancers

“…Such treatment induces longer postoperative relapse-free intervals, as well as lower relapse rates. The immunological functions of peripheral lymphoid cells tested in these patients suggest that the clinical benefit is brought about by an improved macrophage and T-cell function (Mignot et al, 1981). BCG, one of the most extensively studied immune stimulants, induces clear macrophage reactions in draining lymph nodes as sinus histiocytosis and granuloma formation (Gaafar & Turk, 1970;Hanna et al, 1972;Khalil et al, 1975).…”

Section: Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of draining lymph nodes after local immune stimulation with C. parvum: comparison of pelvic nodes in carcinoma of cervix and popliteal and inguinal nodes of guinea-pig

Mignot¹,

Lens²,

Stolk³

et al. 1982

Br J Cancer

Self Cite

Summary.-Morphological changes are described in pelvic lymph nodes excised 10 days after C. parvum (CP) treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma. Guineapig popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes were investigated from Days 1 to 10 after an injection of 70 ,ug CP into the footpad. Eosinophils were detected from the first few hours after stimulation, initially in the marginal sinus, then in the medullary sinuses and subsequently in the efferent lymphatics. From Day 2 to Day 6, histiocyte accumulations with the appearance of epithelioid cells were found mainly in subcapsular and interfollicular areas, and small granulomas were also seen in the paracortex.The granuloma formation in the lymph node was considered as an indication of the activation of histiocytes. Besides small granulomas in the paracortex, activated interdigitating cells, surrounded by scattered lymphoblasts and eosinophils, were also present. We considered this lymphoblastic response and eosinophilic accumulation as likely to be due to blastogenic factor and eosinophil stimulation promotor. Eight to 10 days after CP stimulation, the macrophage lymphoblast eosinophil response was replaced by a B-cell reaction: germinal-centre activation and medullary plasma cells. Such a B-cell reaction was also found in the human pelvic nodes removed at operation, but this reaction could not be attributed to CP treatment alone, since cervical-carcinoma patients not treated with CP also showed such reactions. In contrast, pelvic lymph nodes removed at necropsy from females killed in traffic accidents showed no predominance of either B-or T-cell stimulation.

Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan combined with irradiation in patients with cervical cancer: A randomized controlled study

Okamura

Suzuki

Yajima

et al. 1986

Cancer

112

To evaluate the clinical effects of the anti-tumor polysaccharide Schizophyllan (SPG), a randomized study was done on 220 patients with Stage II or Stage III cervical cancer who had been given irradiation, concomitantly. The tumor-reducing effect of SPG was significant in patients in either stage. The time to recurrence was longer in SPG-dosed patients with Stage II cancer, compared with findings in the control group. There was no significant difference in the time to recurrence in patients with Stage III cancer between the SPG and control groups. When comparing the 48-month survival curve, the survival time of patients with Stage II cancer in the SPG group was significantly longer than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the survival rate of patients with Stage III cancer between the SPG-dosed and control groups.