Lower respiratory tract infection in the community: associations between viral aetiology and illness course

Vos, Laura M.; Bruyndonckx, Robin; Zuithoff, Nicolaas P. A.; Little, Paul; Oosterheert, Jan Jelrik; Broekhuizen, Berna D L; Lammens, Christine; Loens, Katherine; Viveen, Marco C.; Butler, Christopher Collett; Crook, Derrick W.; Zlateva, Kalina T.; Goossens, Herman; Claas, Eric C. J.; Ieven, Margareta; Loon, Anton M. van; Verheij, Theo; Coenjaerts, Frank E. J.

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.023

“…Across the spectrum of viral infections, the extent of viral load has been a predictor of disease severity and progression, including for HIV 17,18 , Ebola 19 , influenza and other non-COVID-19 respiratory viral infections [20][21][22] . The detection of plasma viral load has been described for both SARS-CoV-1 23,24 and SARS-CoV-2 14 , but its role in pathogenesis and ability to predict clinical outcomes remains unresolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality

Fajnzylber

¹

,

Regan

²

,

Coxen

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and risk of disease progression remains largely undefined in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load from participants with a diverse range of COVID-19 severity, including those requiring hospitalization, outpatients with mild disease, and individuals with resolved infection. SARS-CoV-2 plasma RNA was detected in 27% of hospitalized participants and 13% of outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. Amongst the participants hospitalized with COVID-19, higher prevalence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was associated with worse respiratory disease severity, lower absolute lymphocyte counts, and increased markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein and IL-6. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, especially plasma viremia, were associated with increased risk of mortality. SARS-CoV-2 viral load may aid in the risk stratification of patients with COVID-19 and its role in disease pathogenesis should be further explored.

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“…The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia was lower than that found in respiratory secretions, but detectable plasma viremia had a clear relationship with concurrent clinical disease severity, lower absolute lymphocyte count, higher levels of inflammation and increased risk of death. Across the spectrum of viral infections, the extent of viral load has been a predictor of disease severity and progression, including for HIV 17,18 , Ebola 19 , influenza and other non-COVID-19 respiratory viral infections 20-22 . The detection of plasma viral load has been described for both SARS-CoV-1 23,24 and SARS-CoV-2 14 , but its role in pathogenesis and ability to predict clinical outcomes remains unresolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality

Fajnzylber

¹

,

Regan

²

,

Coxen

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and risk of disease progression remains largely undefined in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load from participants with a diverse range of COVID-19 severity, including those requiring hospitalization, outpatients with mild disease, and individuals with resolved infection. SARS-CoV-2 plasma RNA was detected in 27% of hospitalized participants and 13% of outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. Amongst the participants hospitalized with COVID-19, higher prevalence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was associated with worse respiratory disease severity, lower absolute lymphocyte counts, and increased markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein and IL-6. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, especially plasma viremia, were associated with increased risk of mortality. SARS-CoV-2 viral load may aid in the risk stratification of patients with COVID-19 and its role in disease pathogenesis should be further explored.

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“…Unlike the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak, SARS-CoV-2 infection reached all continents quickly, proving to be more contagious. Comparing both viruses, the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is recognized by a broader clinical spectrum that comes from asymptomatic infection to severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and death [ 8 , 12 , 13 ]. In contrast to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, many SARS-CoV-2-infected patients developed low-titer of neutralizing antibody, leading them to suffer with prolonged severe symptoms and illness, suggesting a more effective SARS-CoV-2 immune surveillance evasion than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human pandemic coronaviruses on the show: The spike glycoprotein as the main actor in the coronaviruses play

Souza

¹

,

Mesquita

²

,

Amaral

³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Three coronaviruses (CoVs) have threatened the world population by causing outbreaks in the last two decades. In late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and caused the coronaviruses to disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to the ongoing global outbreak. The other pandemic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), share a considerable level of similarities at genomic and protein levels. However, the differences between them lead to distinct behaviors. These differences result from the accumulation of mutations in the sequence and structure of spike (S) glycoprotein, which plays an essential role in coronavirus infection, pathogenicity, transmission, and evolution. In this review, we brought together many studies narrating a sequence of events and highlighting the differences among S proteins from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. It was performed here, analysis of S protein sequences and structures from the three pandemic coronaviruses pointing out the mutations among them and what they come through. Additionally, we investigated the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from all S proteins explaining the mutation and biological importance of all of them. Finally, we discuss the mutation in the S protein from several new isolates of SARS-CoV-2, reporting their difference and importance. This review brings into detail how the variations in S protein that make SARS-CoV-2 more aggressive than its relatives coronaviruses and other differences between coronaviruses.

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Lower respiratory tract infection in the community: associations between viral aetiology and illness course

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality

The human pandemic coronaviruses on the show: The spike glycoprotein as the main actor in the coronaviruses play

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