Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Cats

Foster, S F; Martín, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2011.03.009

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(385 reference statements)

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“…Mycoplasma spp. were reported as a common cause of pneumonia in cats in 1 study, 7 and this study would suggest that these organisms can be difficult to identify cytologically. Therefore, the criteria used to define pneumonia need to be specifically determined for the cat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In this study, diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was confirmed by a combination of clinical findings, BAL cytology qualitative microbiology results, and response to antibiotics in 7 cats. Similar criteria have been used to define lower respiratory tract infection in other studies 3,7 . In cats examined here, 4 of 7 had both intracellular bacteria and positive bacterial cultures identified, while the remaining 3 lacked intracellular bacteria but had positive growth on microbial culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Clinical and radiographic features of infectious and inflammatory lower airway disease do not allow discrimination of the underlying cause of clinical signs, 3 and evaluation of airway cytology is required to confirm a diagnosis. Currently, most reports of both experimental and naturally occurring lower airway disease in cats have relied on cytologic assessment of a lavage sample collected from the distal airways with a long catheter placed blindly, 3–8 and reports of endobronchial lesions are lacking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bronchoscopic Findings in 48 Cats with Spontaneous Lower Respiratory Tract Disease (2002–2009)

Johnson

Vernau

2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Diagnosis of lower respiratory disease requires collection of airway samples to confirm the etiology of disease. Bronchoscopic evaluation is commonly performed in dogs but less information is available in cats.Hypothesis: The presence and number of bronchoscopic abnormalities visualized during bronchoscopic evaluation of cats with lower respiratory disease will correlate with the type of disease and total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.Animals: Forty-eight cats prospectively evaluated by a single bronchoscopist. Methods: Bronchoscopy was performed during clinical evaluation of cats presenting with cough, respiratory distress, or both. Cats were evaluated for airway hyperemia, stenosis, or collapse, mucus accumulation, bronchiectasis, and epithelial irregularities. Cats were placed into groups of bronchitis/''asthma,'' pneumonia, or neoplasia based on BAL findings, histopathology, and response to appropriate medical therapy. Summation of bronchial abnormalities and total and differential cell counts were compared among groups.Results: Endobronchial abnormalities were common in cats with feline bronchitis/asthma, pneumonia, and neoplasia and no differentiating features were found. Excessive mucus accumulation was common (83%), followed by stenosis of bronchial openings and nodular epithelial irregularities (56%), airway hyperemia (54%), airway collapse (48%), and bronchiectasis (27%). Total bronchoscopic score and total cell count did not differ among groups, although differential cell counts were significantly different. A weak correlation (R 2 5 0.16, P 5 .006) between age and total bronchoscopic score was noted.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Bronchoscopic abnormalities are common in cats with lower respiratory tract disease, and visualization of the airways provides additional nonspecific clinical information in cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bronchoscopic Findings in 48 Cats with Spontaneous Lower Respiratory Tract Disease (2002–2009)

Johnson

Vernau

2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…A past work carried out in six experimentally infected foxes showed that animals may develop bronchopneumonia with cough and other signs of heavy respiratory infection, till death in some cases (Borovkova, cited in [25]). In pets, this parasite may cause bronchovesicular sounds, respiratory inflammation, sneezing, wheezing, chronic moist or dry cough, (broncho)-pneumonia respiratory failure and heavy parasite burdens may lead to mortality [10, 31]. More studies are also necessary to evaluate the actual role of E. aerophilus in causing undiagnosed respiratory distresses in companion dogs and cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High infection rate of zoonoticEucoleus aerophilusinfection in foxes from Serbia

Lalošević

Čapo

et al. 2013

Parasite

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The respiratory capillariid nematode Eucoleus aerophilus (Creplin, 1839) infects wild and domestic carnivores and, occasionally, humans. Thus far, a dozen of human infections have been published in the literature but it cannot be ruled out that lung capillariosis is underdiagnosed in human medicine. Also, the apparent spreading of E. aerophilus in different geographic areas spurs new studies on the epidemiology of this nematode. After the recognition of the first human case of E. aerophilus infection in Serbia, there is a significant merit in enhancing knowledge on the distribution of the nematode. In the present work the infection rate of pulmonary capillariosis was investigated in 70 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the northern part of Serbia by autopsy. The estimated infection rate with Eucoleus aerophilus was 84%. In contrast, by copromicroscopic examination only 38% of foxes were positive. In addition, 10 foxes were investigated for the closely related species in nasal cavity, Eucoleus boehmi, and nine were positive. Our study demonstrates one of the highest infection rates of pulmonary capillariosis in foxes over the world.

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“…Bacterial pneumonia is a relatively rare condition in cats and is usually secondary to hematogenous spread, although inhalation and local extension from other processes (ie, pyothorax) have also been described. 21,22 There was no evidence of retroviral immunosuppressive disease or systemic infection in the cat reported here, and the histopathologic findings made inhalation and impaired clearance the most likely cause of bacterial pneumonia in this case. Although there was no evidence of megaesophagus, the cat was having difficulty swallowing during the last month of life, at which point generalized neuromuscular weakness was apparent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Beta-sarcoglycan-deficient muscular dystrophy presenting as chronic bronchopneumonia in a young cat

Bouillon

Taylor

Vargo

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 5-month-old cat was evaluated for a 3 week history of cough, nasal discharge, decreased appetite and weight loss. Musculoskeletal examination was normal and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was within the reference interval. The cat was treated during the next 10 months for chronic, persistent pneumonia. Weakness then became apparent, the cat developed dysphagia and was euthanized. Post-mortem evaluation revealed chronic aspiration pneumonia and muscular dystrophy associated with beta (β)-sarcoglycan deficiency. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cat with muscular dystrophy presenting for chronic pneumonia without obvious megaesophagus, dysphagia or prominent neuromuscular signs until late in the course of the disease. The absence of gait abnormalities, marked muscle atrophy or hypertrophy and normal serum CK activity delayed the diagnosis in this cat with β-sarcoglycan deficiency.

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Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Cats

Cited by 41 publications

References 145 publications

Bronchoscopic Findings in 48 Cats with Spontaneous Lower Respiratory Tract Disease (2002–2009)

Bronchoscopic Findings in 48 Cats with Spontaneous Lower Respiratory Tract Disease (2002–2009)

High infection rate of zoonoticEucoleus aerophilusinfection in foxes from Serbia

Beta-sarcoglycan-deficient muscular dystrophy presenting as chronic bronchopneumonia in a young cat

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