Lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with tenofovir than entecavir in antiviral treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 90,897 participants

Shao, Jinman; Wang, Yishu; Hu, Ling; Zhang, Lianchao; Lyu, Chunmei

doi:10.1007/s10238-023-00990-w

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…For the early detection and better management of HCC cases, improvements in diagnostic methods, targeted medicines, and surveillance programme developments show promise. Additionally, continuing studies into cutting-edge therapy modalities, including immunotherapies and gene treatments, may pave the way for future treatment choices that are more successful [20,[24][25][26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Population within Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39,050 Participants

Rabaan,

Bello,

Irekeola

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Background and aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant complication of hepatitis B and still poses a global public health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide adequate details on the prevalence of HCC in the HBV population within Southeast Asian countries. Method: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) criteria, a thorough search for literature discussing the prevalence of HCC in the HBV population within southeast Asia was performed. Eligible studies were subjected to a meta-analysis utilising a DerSimonian and Laird approach and a random effect model. A protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023423953). Result: Our study meticulously recovered 41 articles from seven countries in Southeast Asia, namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. A total of 39,050 HBV patients and 7479 HCC cases in southeast Asia were analysed. The pooled prevalence of HCC in HBV cases within southeast Asia was 45.8% (95% CI, 34.3–57.8%, I2 = 99.51%, p < 0.001). Singapore (62.5%, CI: 42.4–79.1) had the highest pooled prevalence of HCC in the HBV population compared to Vietnam, with the lowest estimate (22.4%, CI: 9.9–44.9). There was a drop in the pooled prevalence of HCC in HBV from 2016 until now (37.6%, CI: 19.2–60.5). Conclusion: The findings of this review reveal a high pooled prevalence of HCC in the HBV population and therefore stir the need for routine screening, management, and surveillance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Population within Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39,050 Participants

Rabaan,

Bello,

Irekeola

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Switching to Tenofovir Therapy Versus Continuation of Entecavir for Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Shahzil,

Chaudhary,

Kashif

et al. 2024

JGH Open

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BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Controlling viral activity is crucial to reducing complications. Tenofovir may offer benefits over entecavir, but it is unclear if switching from entecavir to tenofovir improves outcomes. This study assesses the clinical impact of switching to tenofovir therapy for chronic HBV infection.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search within the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for studies of patients with HBV infection who were switched to tenofovir from entecavir or were maintained on entecavir. Both formulations of tenofovir, that is, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide were included and analyzed in subgroup analysis. Meta‐analyses were performed with RevMan 5.4 using a random‐effects model, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of eight studies, comprising 833 patients, were included in the meta‐analysis. Tenofovir showed a significantly higher likelihood of achieving complete virological response (RR 5.60; 95% CI 3.51–8.94; p < 0.00001) and a greater reduction in HBV DNA levels (MD −1.03 log IU/mL; 95% CI −1.69 to −0.36; p = 0.002) compared to entecavir. However, there was no significant difference in HBsAg reduction or HBeAg seroconversion between the two groups. ALT reductions were not statistically significant overall, although entecavir showed better outcomes in subgroup analysis.ConclusionSwitching from entecavir to tenofovir improves virological response and reduces HBV DNA levels, but shows no significant advantage in HBsAg reduction, HBeAg seroconversion, or overall, ALT reduction.

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Potential to use of viral reverse transcriptase inhibitors in oncology

Vlasova,

Antonova,

Magomedova

et al. 2024

Usp. mol. onkol

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In preparing the review, articles on the functioning of the reverse transcriptase enzyme of endogenous repeat sequences LINE1, the mechanisms of action and antitumor activity of viral reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Articles available in the biomedical literature information databases SciVerse Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Russian Science CitationIndex (RSCI) were analyzed. The review used information from 140 publications, of which 95 and 39 were published, respectively, over the last ten and three years, 2 articles present the results of clinical studies, and 45 articles refer to results demonstrating the anticancer properties of the studied compounds in various models in vitro and in vivo. Aim. Based on data on the functional properties of the reverse transcriptase enzyme of endogenous repeat sequences LINE1 (long interspersed nuclear elements 1), analyze the potential use of viral reverse transcriptase inhibitors in oncology, presenting their classification and main mechanisms of action. About 98 % of the human genome consists of repetitive sequences, most of which are represented by mobil genetic elements, the activation of which leads to increased genome instability. These include long (LINE) and short (SINE) interspersed nuclear element repeated DNA sequences interspersed nuclear elements, respectively, which occupy about 45 % of the human genome. Increased expression levels of these sequences in the genome have been identified in many forms of malignant neoplasms. Their transposition occurs due to the expression of LINE1-encoded reverse transcriptase, whichis homologous to viral reverse transcriptase. To date, reverse transcriptase inhibitors of viruses of nucleoside and non-nucleoside structure have been developed and are successfully used in the clinic. These drugs demonstrate an inhibitory effect on both LINE1 reverse transcriptase and telomerase, which provides the tumor cell with the ability to overcome replicative senescence. Due to these properties, these compounds are expected to exhibit both their own antitumor activity and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to the therapy of malignant neoplasms, which is experimentally confirmed in models of malignant tumors in vitro and in vivo. Use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination therapy seems advisable both to prevent further genome rearrangements caused by LINE1 and to suppress the survival of tumor cells by inhibiting telomerase activity.

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Lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with tenofovir than entecavir in antiviral treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 90,897 participants

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Population within Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39,050 Participants

Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Population within Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39,050 Participants

Switching to Tenofovir Therapy Versus Continuation of Entecavir for Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Potential to use of viral reverse transcriptase inhibitors in oncology

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