Lower secondary school students’ scientific literacy and their proficiency in identifying and appraising health claims in news media: a secondary analysis using large-scale survey data

Abstract

ObjectivesScientific literacy is assumed necessary for appraising the reliability of health claims. Using a national science achievement test, we explored whether students located at the lower quartile on the latent trait (scientific literacy) scale were likely to identify a health claim in a fictitious brief news report, and whether students located at or above the upper quartile were likely to additionally request information relevant for appraising that claim.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data.Setting and participants2229 Norwegian 10th grade students (50% females) from 97 randomly sampled lower secondary schools who performed the test during April–May 2013.Outcome measuresUsing Rasch modelling, we linked item difficulty and student proficiency in science to locate the proficiencies associated with different percentiles on the latent trait scale. Estimates of students’ proficiency, the difficulty of identifying the claim and the difficulty of making at least one request for information to appraise that claim, were reported in logits.ResultsStudents who reached the lower quartile (located at −0.5 logits) on the scale were not likely to identify the health claim as their proficiency was below the difficulty estimate of that task (0.0 logits). Students who reached the upper quartile (located at 1.4 logits) were likely to identify the health claim but barely proficient at making one request for information (task difficulty located at 1.5 logits). Even those who performed at or above the 90th percentile typically made only one request for information, predominantly methodological aspects.ConclusionsWhen interpreting the skill to request relevant information as expressing students’ proficiency in critical appraisal of health claims, we found that only students with very high proficiency in science possessed that skill. There is a need for teachers, healthcare professionals and researchers to collaborate to create learning resources for developing these lifelong learning skills.

Potential adverse effects of an educational intervention: Development of a framework

“…Many people are limited in their ability to think critically about health information and choices, including health professionals [36–40].…”

“… Many health claims are unreliable [35].  Many people are limited in their ability to think critically about health information and choices, including health professionals [36][37][38][39][40].  Many health research studies are unreliable or wasteful [41,42].…”

Inequality Among Adolescents in the Developing Countries is the Main Determinant of E-Health Literacy

“…In this study, healthcare worker in the family played an important role in increasing the level of e-health literacy among adolescents. Many studies have determined that the health care professionals are one of the important health information sources to access health information for the adolescents (29,31). The communication technologies to access health information have developed dramatically in the last ten years and continue to develop rapidly (20).…”

Media Literacy, Scientific Literacy, and Science Videos on the Internet

“…Scientific literacy can benefit people at the micro-and macrolevel (Laugksch, 2000;Yacoubian, 2018). At the micro-level, scientifically literate individuals have the skills and confidence to make science-related decisions, which often involves interpreting scientific information in the media (e.g., Nisbet et al, 2015;Nordheim et al, 2019). At the macro-level, a scientifically literate society can provide the supply of individuals with skills needed for scientific advancement.…”