Lower temperatures mechanism of strain aging in carbon steels for drawn wires

Hammerle, J. R.; Almeida, Luiz Henrique de; Monteiro, Sérgio Neves

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.02.032

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Activation energy values obtained in this study were lower than previous researchers' val es (Palosaari & Manninen, 2012;Kemp et al, 1990;Hämmerle et al, 2004). Low activation energy values in API 5L B steel indicate that the steel is more susceptible to strain aging compared to API 5L X65 steel.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Kinetics of Strain Aging Behavior of API 5L X65 and API 5L B Steel Types on Long-Term Operations

Korda¹,

Hidayat²,

Suriana³

2016

IJTech

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The kinetics of strain aging behavior of API 5L X65 and API 5L B steel types on long-term operations were studied. Pre-strain was applied to the two steel types and the process was continued with the aging process at various temperatures and over various time periods. Mechanical properties data were used to determine activation energy levels. The results showed that API 5L B steel has a lower activation energy level than API 5L X65 steel through the identification of yield strength value, which is 13.7 kJ compared to 24.87 kJ, which means that API 5L B steel is more susceptible to strain aging than API 5L X65 steel. Predictions of longterm mechanical properties which are verified through tensile testing showed that the appropriate parameters to observe and predict the strain-aging behavior are implemented by evaluating the changes in yield strength, which gives the minimum value for the average margin of error for API 5L X65 steel and API 5L B steel, i.e. 0.3% and 0.45%, respectively. On the other hand, prediction value parameters, such as elongation, toughness and the Vickers hardness have an average margin of error range between 2.6 to 5.06%.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Kinetics of Strain Aging Behavior of API 5L X65 and API 5L B Steel Types on Long-Term Operations

Korda¹,

Hidayat²,

Suriana³

2016

IJTech

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“…5,9 Accordingly, the apparent activation energies in the range 20-100uC were calculated as 77 and 79?1 kJ mol 21 at the centreline and edge regions in sample 'A' respectively. The apparent activation energies for sample 'B' were also calculated as 76?6 and 78?7 kJ mol 21 at centreline and edge regions respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Many investigations have been conducted to study SSA in steels and different aspects of this phenomenon such as the effect of prestrain on the aging behaviour, required activation energy and mechanisms of this process. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] For instance, Elliot et al 4 investigated the aging behaviour of steels deformed under different patterns and studied the mechanisms of SSA due to the Bauschinger effect. Hammerle et al 5 studied mechanisms of the SSA process and calculated the activation energy required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of static strain aging after temper rolling of low carbon steel

Koohbor

Serajzadeh

2011

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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In this study, static strain aging behaviour of cold rolled steel strips was considered with emphasis on the distribution of residual hydrostatic stress developed during temper rolling. In order to assess residual stress distribution produced by the temper rolling, a three-dimensional model was first employed. Then, samples were rolled at a reduction of 4% under single and double pass rolling programmes and the kinetics of static strain aging phenomenon as well as the required activation energies were then evaluated using hardness and tensile tests on the deformed samples. Considering the predicted residual hydrostatic stress distribution, it was found that tensile hydrostatic stresses promote the kinetics of the static strain aging process and alter the activation energy required for the phenomenon. In addition, it was revealed that different positions of the rolled steel show different aging behaviour owing to non-uniform distribution of residual stresses after temper rolling.

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“…Several researchers have previously derived the activation energy of carbon steels under low strain-rate conditions. [28,29,30] For example, the activation energy values determined by Carasí et al 29 ranged from 255 to 295 kJ/mol, while those identified by Serajzadeh 30 lay in the range of 80 to 152 kJ/mol. The activation energies identified under the current high loading speeds are relatively low compared to these published results.…”

Section: E Strain-rate Effect and Activation Energymentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparison of dynamic compressive flow behavior of mild and medium steels over wide temperature range

Lee

Liu

2005

Metall Mater Trans A

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This article uses the compressive split-Hopkinson pressure bar to compare the dynamic flow behaviors of S15C mild steel and S50C medium alloy heat-treatable steel (abbreviated hereafter to medium steel) at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 800 °C. The effects of carbon content, strain rate, and temperature on the mechanical responses of the two metals are evaluated. The microstructures of both steels are studied using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. The flow stress of both carbon steels is found to increase with strain rate, but to decrease with temperature. Furthermore, the deformation resistance and the work-hardening rate both increase with increasing carbon content. The activation energy, ⌬G*, of the two metals varies as a function of the strain rate and temperature, but is virtually unaffected by the carbon content. The present study identifies a maximum ⌬G* value of 58 kJ/mol for the S15C mild steel and 54.9 kJ/mol for the S50C medium steel. A Zerilli-Armstrong bcc constitutive model using appropriate coefficients is applied to describe the high-strain-rate plastic behaviors of the S15C and S50C carbon steels. The errors between the calculated stress and the measured stress are found to be less than 5 pct. Transmission electron microscopy microstructural observations reveal that the dislocation density and the degree of dislocation tangling increase with increasing strain rate in both steels. Additionally, the TEM observations indicate that a higher strain rate reduces the size of the dislocation cells. Furthermore, it is shown that the annihilation of dislocations occurs more readily at elevated temperatures. The current results provide a valuable reference for the application of S15C mild steel and S50C medium steel in high-speed plastic forming processes.

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Lower temperatures mechanism of strain aging in carbon steels for drawn wires

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Kinetics of Strain Aging Behavior of API 5L X65 and API 5L B Steel Types on Long-Term Operations

Kinetics of Strain Aging Behavior of API 5L X65 and API 5L B Steel Types on Long-Term Operations

Kinetics of static strain aging after temper rolling of low carbon steel

Comparison of dynamic compressive flow behavior of mild and medium steels over wide temperature range

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