Lowering the default speed limit in residential areas: opportunities for policy influence and the role of public health professionals

Pilkington, Paul

doi:10.1136/ip.2008.021501

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Lower speeds have been found to be associated with fewer and less severe injuries (Elvik, 2005;Rosén et al, 2011), improved resident perceptions and social interactions (Appleyard, 1980), increased walking and cycling levels (Jacobsen, Racioppi, and Rutter, 2009) and reduced traffic noise impact (Freitas et al, 2012). The ability to introduce 20 mph speed limits over wider geographical areas, given that it is a much less costly intervention than traffic-calmed 20 mph speed zones, means that there is significant potential to address injury, environmental sustainability and wider public health goals at a town and city level (Pilkington, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design

Bornioli

Bray

Pilkington

et al. 2018

Journal of Transport & Health

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Twenty mph (32.2 km/h) speed limits across urban areas are becoming a widespread tool for public health and road danger reduction globally. Determining the effectiveness of these interventions on motorised vehicle speeds is a crucial first step in any logic model that seeks to associate 20 mph speed limits to improved health and wellbeing outcomes. However, little is known about how the introduction of 20 mph limits affects speeds. This paper presents the findings from a novel comprehensive academic evaluation of the adjusted effects of a 20 mph sign-only city-wide intervention on vehicle speeds. This is based on a natural experiment that took place in Bristol, UK. Applying a quasi-stepped wedge design, speeds of 36,973,090 single vehicles, recorded by Automatic Traffic Counts before and after the 20 mph intervention, were analysed. Generalized linear mixed models were used to control for confounding variables. Results showed an unadjusted speed reduction of 4.7 mph (7.41 km/h) and an adjusted speed reduction of 2.66 mph (4.28 km/h) over two to three years. Some variability due to time variables was detected, with speed reductions being larger during night time, at weekends, and in summer months. The roads that did not receive the 20 mph intervention also saw a small reduction in speed (0.03 mph). The findings indicate that the 20 mph intervention was successful in lowering individual vehicle speeds. Policy makers are encouraged to implement a careful monitoring of the effects of 20 mph speed limit interventions on vehicle speeds in order to enable a meaningful evaluation of potential public health benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design

Bornioli

Bray

Pilkington

et al. 2018

Journal of Transport & Health

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show abstract

“…Mostly speed limit in the city area were reduced. Research in these countries has found reductions in speeds and crashes [45][46][47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to severe single-vehicle tree crashes: In-depth crash study

et al. 2022

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Vehicle-tree collisions are the most common type of road crash with fixed obstacle in Czech Republic. Based on the literature review and using real world in-depth crash data, this paper aims to define factors, which significantly influence the injury severity of single vehicle-tree crashes. In-depth data provide a comprehensive view to the failure on the system infrastructure—human—vehicle related to crash, the in-depth crash database include very detailed information related to infrastructure, vehicle, human failure and crash participants characteristics and their medical condition and also crash reconstruction. Multinomial logistic regression and generalized linear mixed model were used to determine the individual effect of each predictor. The statistically significant variables were the day period, trunk diameter and impact speed. Using multinomial logistic regression shows also vehicle age as statistically significant. Obtained results can help to efficiently direct countermeasures not only on the road infrastructure—e.g. speed reduction in selected locations with specified tree character. However, the emphasis should be also focused on driver behaviour.

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“…Advocates of 20mph limits argue they are a mechanism for redefining urban spaces as pleasant places to live rather than as 'roads for cars' (Tranter 2010). Evidence from small scale 20mph or 30kph zones (zones are traffic calmed; this paper is concerned with signs-only 20mph limits) indicates how low traffic speeds can encourage higher community benefits in health, wellbeing and social capital (Dorling 2014;McCabe, Schoneman and Arcaya 2013;Elvik 2012;Pilkington 2009), and encouragement of healthier and more sustainable transport modes such as walking and cycling (Cohen, Boniface and Watkins 2014). Zones can also deliver impressive speed reductions and associated road danger reduction: Grundy, Steinbach, Edwards, Green, Armstrong and Wilkinson's (2009) review of 20mph zones in London calculated a 40% reduction in casualties, while Pilkington's earlier (2000) review of 20mph zones demonstrated an average speed reduction of 9.3mph and an associated reduction in crashes of 60%.…”

Section: The Rise Of 20mph and 30kph Limits: Policy And Practice Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

Support and compliance with 20mph speed limits in Great Britain

Tapp

Nancarrow

Davis

2015

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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Lowering the default speed limit in residential areas: opportunities for policy influence and the role of public health professionals

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design

Factors related to severe single-vehicle tree crashes: In-depth crash study

Support and compliance with 20mph speed limits in Great Britain

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Lowering the default speed limit in residential areas: opportunities for policy influence and the role of public health professionals

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design

Factors related to severe single-vehicle tree crashes: In-depth crash study

Support and compliance with 20mph speed limits in Great Britain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design

The effectiveness of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on vehicle speeds in Bristol, UK: A non-randomised stepped wedge design