LoWMob: Intra-PAN Mobility Support Schemes for 6LoWPAN

Abstract

Mobility in 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Personal Area Networks) is being utilized in realizing many applications where sensor nodes, while moving, sense and transmit the gathered data to a monitoring server. By employing IEEE802.15.4 as a baseline for the link layer technology, 6LoWPAN implies low data rate and low power consumption with periodic sleep and wakeups for sensor nodes, without requiring them to incorporate complex hardware. Also enabling sensor nodes with IPv6 ensures that the sensor data can be accessed anytime and anywhere from the world. Several existing mobility-related schemes like HMIPv6, MIPv6, HAWAII, and Cellular IP require active participation of mobile nodes in the mobility signaling, thus leading to the mobility-related changes in the protocol stack of mobile nodes. In this paper, we present LoWMob, which is a network-based mobility scheme for mobile 6LoWPAN nodes in which the mobility of 6LoWPAN nodes is handled at the network-side. LoWMob ensures multi-hop communication between gateways and mobile nodes with the help of the static nodes within a 6LoWPAN. In order to reduce the signaling overhead of static nodes for supporting mobile nodes, LoWMob proposes a mobility support packet format at the adaptation layer of 6LoWPAN. Also we present a distributed version of LoWMob, named as DLoWMob (or Distributed LoWMob), which employs Mobility Support Points (MSPs) to distribute the traffic concentration at the gateways and to optimize the multi-hop routing path between source and destination nodes in a 6LoWPAN. Moreover, we have also discussed the security considerations for our proposed mobility schemes. The performance of our proposed schemes is evaluated in terms of mobility signaling costs, end-to-end delay, and packet success ratio.

An energy-efficient handover algorithm for wireless sensor networks

“…Examples include MIPv6 [15], HMIPv6 [16], FMIPv6 [17] and PMIPv6 [18]. These schemes can help a MN to maintain an ongoing connection with a unit that is not a part of its WSN [19]. The problem with these IP solutions is that handover related messages are sent via IP and this is not feasible in WSNs due to the large overhead of IP packets.…”

“…For each metric we also do a theoretical comparison of the proposed handover algorithm and the following existing handover algorithms for WSNs: 1) Smart-HOP [24], 2) Fotouhi et al [4], 3) LoWMob [19], 4) S-GinMob [23] and 5) Inter-MARIO [25]. There are very few proposed handover algorithms for WSNs; the reason for selecting those just mentioned is simply because they are the ones we found (and provide enough details about the algorithm to be able to do a comparison).…”

Advanced Prediction Based Mobility Support for 6LoWPAN Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The ISMS HO delay is on the order of ms only which is far smaller than the traditional MIPv6. In [20], a scheme for 6LoWPAN dependent on dispatch type of the network is presented. Intra domain packet loss and HO delay were reduced but it is not suitable for inter domain 6LoWPANs.…”

A 6LoWPAN Sensor Node Mobility Scheme Based on Proxy Mobile IPv6

“…In [12], the Bag et al proposed a network-based intra-PAN mobility scheme for 6LoWPAN, LoWMob, in order to ensure multihop communications between a gateway (GW) and the MN via static nodes (SNs) within the intra-PAN area. LoWMob proposed a new mobility support packet format at the adaptation layer of 6LoWPAN, such as join_request, association_request, new_node, and location update packets.…”