Loxothylacus Panopaei (Cirripedia, Sacculinidae) an Introduced Parasite On a Xanthid Crab in Chesapeake Bay, U.S.a. 1)

Eldridge, Dana; Engel, Willard A. Van; Dillon, William A.; Zwerner, D. E.

doi:10.1163/156854066x00135

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…For the invasion of L. panopaei into Chesapeake Bay, we support and specify the following scenario first invoked by Van Engel et al (1966): (1) E. depressus and/or R. harrisii in the GOM were infected with the L. panopaei ER clade (2) L. panopaei were transported from the GOM to the Chesapeake Bay in E. depressus and/or R. harrisii associated with oysters, and (3) the same native crab host species were subsequently infected by this parasite in Chesapeake Bay. Based on our results of higher prevalences west of the Mississippi river (native range; 4% averaged over 3 sites and up to 16%) compared to very rare infections along the coasts of the states of Mississippi, Alabama and West and Southeast Florida, we infer that the ER clade L. panopaei introduced into Chesapeake Bay possibly orginated in the western GOM.…”

Section: Taxonomic Status Of Parasite Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Moreover, in 2004, Kruse and Hare (2007 did not find L. panopaei infections of E. depressus and R. harrisii hosts from the GOM to test if this area was the source of the Chesapeake Bay introduction, as had been suspected by Van Engel et al (1966). Thus, the specific goals of this follow up study were to: (1) measure geographic distribution and prevalence of the parasite L. panopaei; (2) explore associations between the parasite's genetic lineages with host specificity in the GOM; (3) test the hypothesis that the GOM was the source of the Chesapeake Bay introduction; and (4) assess if further southward spread of the parasite may be impeded at the biogeographic barrier at Cape Caneveral due to host resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the 1960s this parasite was introduced into Chesapeake Bay, presumably via infected host crabs associated with oyster transports from the GOM (Van Engel et al 1966), where it subsequently reached infection levels of up to 93% (Hines et al 1997;Kruse and Hare 2007). After a period of expansion within Chesapeake Bay, L. panopaei expanded its range southward along the US.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic relationships of the marine invasive crab parasite Loxothylacus panopaei: an analysis of DNA sequence variation, host specificity, and distributional range

2011

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Host specificity is a key variable of the niche breath of parasites that can be an important determinant of a parasite's ability to invade new areas. There is increasing evidence that many parasite species may comprise a variety of genetically variable lineages, which differ in host specificity and geographic range. In this study, we (1) explored the extent of diversity in the invasive parasitic barnacle Loxothylacus panopaei (Rhizocephala) infecting mud crabs (2) examined the geographic origin for the invasive lineage and (3) assessed if further southward spread of the parasite may be impeded. Along the US Atlantic coast, L. panopaei infects different hosts in its invaded range (Chesapeake Bay to north of Cape Canaveral) compared to one portion of the native range in Southeast Florida. This difference was reflected in genetic lineages on two independent loci, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and nuclear cytochrome c. Both loci were concordant in that they showed one lineage infecting crabs of the genus Panopeus in the native range and one lineage infecting Eurypanopeus depressus and Rhithropanopeus harrisii hosts in the invaded range and in the Gulf of Mexico, thus indicating Gulf of Mexico populations as the most likely source of introduction into Chesapeake Bay. Interestingly, the nuclear marker resolved an additional lineage of parasites infecting panopeid hosts in the native range. All three parasite lineages were well supported, but a decision about species status must await further analyses. Since its introduction in the 1960s, the invasive L. panopaei lineage has expanded its range southward along the US Atlantic coast, now almost reaching the northern limit of native Panopeus-infecting lineages at Cape Canaveral, Florida. We hypothesized that parasite-free E. depressus in Southeast Florida, living in sympatry with infected panopeid populations, might be resistant to infection by the invasive lineage. Our infection experiments rejected this hypothesis, suggesting that any impediment to further southward range expansion might be expected from temperature regimes of the subtropical zoogeographic region south of Cape Canaveral.

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Section: Taxonomic Status Of Parasite Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic relationships of the marine invasive crab parasite Loxothylacus panopaei: an analysis of DNA sequence variation, host specificity, and distributional range

2011

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“…Live xanthid crabs were found in trucks hauling oysters to Virginia. The two most abundant species of xanthid crabs in Chesapeake Bay (Ryan, 1956) were infected by Loxothylacus panopaei, the sacculinid ( Van Engel et al, 1966). Susceptible xanthid crabs of the species Eurypanopeus depressus and Rhlthropanopeus harrlsi became scarce; a relatively rare crab Neopanope texana sayi became the most abundant crab in Virginia waters {Andrews, unpublished data).…”

Section: Minor Parasites Of Molluscs and Decapods In Chesapeake Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootiology of diseases of oysters(Crassostrea virginica), and parasites of associated organisms in eastern North America

Andrews¹

1984

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Haplosporidan parasites of oysters have been reported from four continents. Those of the genera Minchinia, Haplosporidium, and Marteilia, which cause serious diseases of oysters, have been intensively studied. Epizootiology of these highly pathogenic species is well known. Life cycles are obscure for all haplosporidans because artificial infections have not been achieved. The high pathogenicity of newly-discovered haplosporidan diseases to native oysters in eastern North America and western Europe may rod:care that these are exohc pathogens paras~t:zmg suscephble oysters not previously exposed to these disease agents. Epizootiology of two haplosporidan pathogens along the middle Atlantic Coast of North America during 25 years of disease activity is discussed. Haplosporidiurn nelsoni sporulates only rarely and its life cycle remains unconfirmed. Resistant oysters were developed in nature and from laboratory breeding. Haplosporidium costale which causes "'Seaside Disease" in high-salinity waters appears to be a more acclimated disease with regular patterns of infection and mortality. Several minor parasites whose life cycles and host species need more study are mentioned. STATUS OF OYSTER FISHERIES ALONG MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA IN THE 1980'SThe oyster fisheries of Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay were severely depressed after 1957 and 1959, respectively, when a new disease appeared caused by Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), a haplosporidan parasite (Haskin et al., 1966). Production declined greatly (Sindermann, 1976) and recruitment of seed stocks fell sharply after mortalities caused by the disease. Oystermen were forced to alter cultural practices to avoid or minimize the effects of the disease. Mortalities were severe and growth was inhibited. Adjustments of cultural practices because of the disease were quite different in the two major growing areas of Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. This was because of differences in prevailing salinity regimes. Fortunately, the seed areas for both of these bays were located in low-salinity waters (< 18 %o) where in most years the disease did not kill oysters (Fig. 1). Delaware Bay oystermen resumed the practice of transplanting seed oysters from relatively low to high salinities where the disease was prevalent. Growing areas were * Contribution No. 1147.

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“…An example is the invasion of the rhizocephalan barnacle Loxothylacus panopaei that infects native flat back mud crabs (Eurypanopeus depressus). This parasite was presumably co-introduced with infected mud crabs (species unknown) in oyster batches that were translocated from the Gulf of Mexico to the Chesapeake Bay (North America) in the mid-1960s (Van Engel et al, 1966). In a controlled lab experiment, parasitized crabs consumed significantly fewer mussels than unparasitized crabs.…”

Section: Co-introductions Of Parasites and Spillover To Native Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and marine invasions: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Goedknegt

Feis

Wegner

et al. 2016

Journal of Sea Research

120

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oWorldwide, marine and coastal ecosystems are heavily invaded by introduced species and the potential role of parasites in the success and impact of marine invasions has been increasingly recognized. In this review, we link recent theoretical developments in invasion ecology with empirical studies from marine ecosystems in order to provide a conceptual framework for studying the role of parasites and their hosts in marine invasions. Based on an extensive literature search, we identified six mechanisms in which invaders directly or indirectly affect parasite and host populations and communities: I) invaders can lose some or all of their parasites during the invasion process (parasite release or reduction), often causing a competitive advantage over native species; II) invaders can also act as a host for native parasites, which may indirectly amplify the parasite load of native hosts (parasite spillback); III) invaders can also be parasites themselves and be introduced without needing co-introduction of the host (introduction of free-living infective stages); IV) alternatively, parasites may be introduced together with their hosts (parasite co-introduction with host); V) consequently, these co-introduced parasites can sometimes also infect native hosts (parasite spillover); and VI) invasive species may be neither a host nor a parasite, but nevertheless affect native parasite host interactions by interfering with parasite transmission (transmission interference). We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of each of these mechanisms and generally note several substantial effects on natural communities and ecosystems via i) mass mortalities of native populations creating strong selection gradients, ii) indirect changes in species interactions within communities and iii) trophic cascading and knock-on effects in food webs that may affect ecosystem function and services. Our review demonstrates a wide range of ecological and evolutionary implications of marine invasions for parasite-host interactions and suggests that parasite-mediated impacts should be integrated in assessing the risks and consequences of biological invasions.

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Loxothylacus Panopaei (Cirripedia, Sacculinidae) an Introduced Parasite On a Xanthid Crab in Chesapeake Bay, U.S.a. 1)

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic relationships of the marine invasive crab parasite Loxothylacus panopaei: an analysis of DNA sequence variation, host specificity, and distributional range

Genetic relationships of the marine invasive crab parasite Loxothylacus panopaei: an analysis of DNA sequence variation, host specificity, and distributional range

Epizootiology of diseases of oysters(Crassostrea virginica), and parasites of associated organisms in eastern North America

Parasites and marine invasions: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

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