LPG Hydrate Formation and Prevention using Ethanol and Methanol

Olabisi, Odutola Toyin; Sunday, Ikiensikimama S.; Appah, Dulu

doi:10.2118/178333-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All these problems may result in production losses, production shut downs and possible irreparable damage and hazardous conditions. In extensive cases, the plugged line will be abandoned or replaced [12].…”

Section: Overview Of Gas Hydrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Hydrate Formation Phase Boundary Behaviour of Synthetic Natural Gas System of the Keta Basin of Ghana

Broni-Bediako¹,

Amorin²,

Bavoh³

2017

TOPEJ

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Background:Gas hydrates are considered as a major threat to the oil and gas flow assurance industry. At high pressure and low temperature conditions, gas hydrates form in pipelines and production facilities leading to pipeline blockages, high removal cost, environmental hazards and loss of lives. For a successful prevention of gas hydrate formation, predicting the hydrate formation phase boundary of hydrocarbon fluid composition becomes very necessary. Objective and Method:In this study, computer simulation software called PVTSim was used to predict hydrate formation phase boundary of synthetic natural gas composition of the Keta basin of Ghana at pressure and temperature ranges of 43.09 bar -350 bar and 12.87 °C -27.29°Crespectively. The effect of changes in natural gas composition (N 2 and H 2 S) and the presence of four commonly used thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitors (methanol, ethanol, diethylene glycol and monoethylene glycol) on the hydrate formation phase boundary is also discussed. Prior to the study, the accuracy of PVTSim was validated with the hydrate formation phase data in literature. Results and Conclusion:Results suggested that the hydrate formation phase boundary decreased with increasing N 2 composition and increased with increasing H 2 S composition, suggesting that, the presence of H 2 S increases the threat of hydrate formation. However, a reduction in hydrate formation threat was observed in the presence of all four commonly used gas hydrate thermodynamic inhibitors with methanol demonstrating the highest inhibition effect.

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Section: Overview Of Gas Hydrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic conditions for hydrate formation are low temperature and high pressure [12,13], which implies that, hydrates can only form at field operation temperatures lower than the equilibrium temperature and simultaneously at pressures higher than the equilibrium pressure of the reservoir fluid [14].…”

Section: Overview Of Gas Hydrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Hydrate Formation Phase Boundary Behaviour of Synthetic Natural Gas System of the Keta Basin of Ghana

Broni-Bediako¹,

Amorin²,

Bavoh³

2017

TOPEJ

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“…Low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, and iso-butane, and sometimes other gases such as CO 2 and H 2 S, are normally present in pipelines or other conduits used in the transportation and processing of natural gas and crude oil. When a gas stream is subjected to low temperatures (<20 °C or 68 °F) and/or elevated pressures (>30 bar or 450 psi) in the presence of free water, gas hydrate crystals are typically formed. − Gas hydrates are clathrates or insertion compounds in which the previously mentioned small hydrocarbon molecules are trapped in a lattice consisting of water molecules . Hydrates form as a consequence of the tendency of water to reorient in the presence of a nonpolar solute (typically light hydrocarbon gases such as methane) to stabilize the lattice through, typically, Van der Waals interactions, while maintaining the hydrogen bonding between the water molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safer Dual-Functional Gas Hydrate Dissolver and Inhibitor to Replace Methanol

et al. 2021

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In the presence of free water and under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, low-molecular-weight gases such as methane and ethane present in the fluid stream flowing in pipelines cause the formation of gas hydrate crystals. These gas hydrate crystals may accumulate and cause a partial or complete plugging of pipelines in the vertical or horizontal section. Methanol has been used in the industry as an effective gas hydrate dissolver and inhibitor, but its low flashpoint temperature makes it unsafe to be stored and pumped in large volumes. The objective of the current work is to develop a safer dissolver and inhibitor for gas hydrate plugs that form in pipelines. Methanol has a very low freezing point (−90 °C) and it is completely miscible with water, which can shift the hydrate phase equilibrium to lower temperatures. Solvent- and aqueous-based formulations were selected as alternatives to methanol, keeping in mind parameters such as higher flashpoint, miscibility with water, freezing point, viscosity, and local availability. The performance of these formulations was evaluated in a see-through gas hydrate reactor. Representative gas and water compositions were used in the experiments to form the gas hydrate inside the reactor. Hydrate formation was detected by the change in torque or by visual inspection through the see-through window of the reactor. Methanol was able to mobilize the hydrate plug when used at 10 vol %, while complete dissolution was achieved at 30 vol %. In comparison, the potassium formate saturated solution achieved complete dissolution of the hydrate plugs at 10 vol % in a lesser time compared to methanol. The tested formulations worked not only as a dissolver but also as an inhibitor to prevent the formation of hydrates once they are melted or dissolved. These formulations enable safer operations in the field and improve the performance when it comes to melting gas hydrate plugs.

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“…The main factors that contribute to the formation of hydrates are presence of aqueous phase, low temperature, and high pressure. Locations that are subjected to high pressure (> 30 bar) and reduced temperature (< 20°C) are marine and gas fields (Mokhatab et al, 2007;Olabisi et al, 2015;Zarinabadi et al, 2012;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Main Techniques to Avoid the Formation of Hydrates

Fonte¹,

Simonelli²,

Santos³

2018

BJPG

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Natural gas hydrates are crystalline solids composed of water molecules and light hydrocarbons. The most favorable conditions for the formation of hydrates are high pressure and low temperature. The accumulation of hydrates is a significant problem for the oil industry, as it can result in blockages in the transportation and production lines, or hamper the drilling of wells. Thus, it is imperative to avoid the formation of hydrates. Different techniques have been developed and improved over the years seeking to prevent hydrates formation. The present paper aims to review the literature with the goal of gathering information on the main techniques used to prevent the formation of hydrates. This study also highlights the technological advancement of the main prevention techniques, considering that those techniques use chemicals or heat transfer to prevent or delay the formation of hydrates.

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LPG Hydrate Formation and Prevention using Ethanol and Methanol

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Gas Hydrate Formation Phase Boundary Behaviour of Synthetic Natural Gas System of the Keta Basin of Ghana

Gas Hydrate Formation Phase Boundary Behaviour of Synthetic Natural Gas System of the Keta Basin of Ghana

Safer Dual-Functional Gas Hydrate Dissolver and Inhibitor to Replace Methanol

A Review of the Main Techniques to Avoid the Formation of Hydrates

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