LPS-induced autoantibody response

All VH11 genes expressed in peritoneal lymphocytes encode anti‐bromelain‐treated mouse red blood cell autoantibodies but other VH gene families contribute to this specificity

“…The involvement of external antigens, such as components of commensal bacteria, is unlikely since germfree and specific pathogen-free mice show comparable frequencies of anti-BrMRBC activity and VH11 gene family expression ( [50], Huetz et al, to be published). Concerning autoantigens, no evidence for an equivalent bromelain treatment of the RBC exist in vivo [51] and the soluble analogue of the epitope associated with low-density lipoprotein [52] is present in the mouse serum throughout development of the immune system; this does not fit with a delayed expression of anti-BrMRBC response assumed to take place [13, [53][54][55] if an autoantigen-driven selection operates.…”

Immunologic aspects of liposomes: presentation and processing of liposomal protein and phospholipid antigens

“…Naturally-occurring antibodies antigens than was previously possible, and this has to liposomal phospholipids and cholesterol are changed our views of lipids as antigens. The developwidespread in normal sera from animals and humans ment of liposomes as models for effector mechanisms [16,132,133,[148][149][150][151][152][153]. Remarkable similarities exist beof immune reactions [15,137], when combined with the tween the anti-liposome antibody model and the model discovery of the immunogenicity of liposomal phosphaemploying autoantibodies that react with bromelintidylcholine and other liposomal phospholipids treated erythrocytes, and this has led to the suggestion [16,132,138] and the production of monoclonal antibodthat the two models are different manifestations of the ies to liposomal cholesterol [139] (see Ref.…”