LPS Structure, Function, and Heterogeneity

Caroff, Martine; Новиков, А. В.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17148-3_3

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…The sensitivity difference could be due to the external structure because even though both bacteria are Gram negative, different sugars are found in their lipopolysaccharides. 39 Other plausible reason is due to the enzymes in charge of eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) as catalase or the sensitivity of some vital structures to these ROS for each bacteria. 40 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key parameters to enhance the antibacterial effect of graphene oxide in solution

et al. 2021

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key parameters to enhance the antibacterial effect of graphene oxide in solution

et al. 2021

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“…LPS consists of three different domains [ 14 ]: the more or less acylated and phosphorylated lipid A of the bacterial outer membrane; the core oligosaccharide (inner and outer) linked by 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) to lipid A; and the so-called O-antigen or O-specific polysaccharide, with the latter two facing the aqueous environment. Lipopolysaccharides encompassing all three regions are called smooth (S)-form LPS, while LPS lacking the O-antigen are indicated as rough (R)-form LPS or lipooligosaccharide (LOS).…”

Section: Lipopolysaccharidementioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns: Friends or Foes?

Eletto

Mentucci

Voli

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Microbial infections are sensed by the host immune system by recognizing signature molecules called Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns—PAMPs. The binding of these biomolecules to innate immune receptors, called Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), alerts the host cell, activating microbicidal and pro-inflammatory responses. The outcome of the inflammatory cascade depends on the subtle balance between the bacterial burn and the host immune response. The role of PRRs is to promote the clearance of the pathogen and to limit the infection by bumping inflammatory response. However, many bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, evolved to escape PRRs’ recognition through different camouflages in their molecular pattern. This review examines all the different types of H. pylori PAMPs, their roles during the infection, and the mechanisms they evolved to escape the host recognition.

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“…LPS consists of three regions: O-antigen, core, and lipid A. The lipid A region anchors LPS molecules to the outer membrane through hydrophobic interactions with the acyl chains of the phospholipids (PLs) constituting the inner layer of this membrane [ 17 ]. In addition to proteins, which have a fundamental importance for various aspects of cell physiology, including the infection of a host organism, lipids are involved in the highly specific interactions with the host cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lipids in Legionella-Host Interaction

Kowalczyk

Chmiel

Palusińska-Szysz

2021

IJMS

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Legionella are Gram-stain-negative rods associated with water environments: either natural or man-made systems. The inhalation of aerosols containing Legionella bacteria leads to the development of a severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires’ disease. To establish an infection, these bacteria adapt to growth in the hostile environment of the host through the unusual structures of macromolecules that build the cell surface. The outer membrane of the cell envelope is a lipid bilayer with an asymmetric composition mostly of phospholipids in the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the outer leaflet. The major membrane-forming phospholipid of Legionella spp. is phosphatidylcholine (PC)—a typical eukaryotic glycerophospholipid. PC synthesis in Legionella cells occurs via two independent pathways: the N-methylation (Pmt) pathway and the Pcs pathway. The utilisation of exogenous choline by Legionella spp. leads to changes in the composition of lipids and proteins, which influences the physicochemical properties of the cell surface. This phenotypic plasticity of the Legionella cell envelope determines the mode of interaction with the macrophages, which results in a decrease in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and modulates the interaction with antimicrobial peptides and proteins. The surface-exposed O-chain of Legionella pneumophila sg1 LPS consisting of a homopolymer of 5-acetamidino-7-acetamido-8-O-acetyl-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid is probably the first component in contact with the host cell that anchors the bacteria in the host membrane. Unusual in terms of the structure and function of individual LPS regions, it makes an important contribution to the antigenicity and pathogenicity of Legionella bacteria.

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LPS Structure, Function, and Heterogeneity

Cited by 14 publications

References 185 publications

Key parameters to enhance the antibacterial effect of graphene oxide in solution

Key parameters to enhance the antibacterial effect of graphene oxide in solution

Helicobacter pylori Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns: Friends or Foes?

The Role of Lipids in Legionella-Host Interaction

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