“…LRP1 ligands have been implicated in neuronal survival (Hayashi et al, 2007;Fuentealba et al, 2009) and in neurite outgrowth (Mantuano et al, 2008a,b;Shi et al, 2009;Yoon et al, 2013). Unlike other LRP1 ligands, tPA interacts directly with the NMDA-R, independently of LRP1, triggering cell signaling, albeit with delayed kinetics (Nicole et al, 2001;Macrez et al, 2010;Ng et al, 2009;Mantuano et al, 2013). NR1 subunit cleavage is reported to be involved in the mechanism by which tPA activates the NMDA-R; however, NR1 cleavage might not be necessary (Nicole et al, 2001;Mantuano et al, 2008a,b).…”