<b>Inflammatory response after session of resistance exercises in untrained volunteers

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between the blood cells, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a session of resistance exercise (SRE). The sample consisted of sixteen untrained men (26.4±5 years; 25.9±3 kg m -2 ). The SRE was composed of 4 sets of 10 repetitions maximum (extensor bench, squat and leg press) for each exercise. Complete blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals were previously evaluated (baseline), and at 0, 30 and 120 min. after the SRE. DOMS was assessed 24 hours after the exercises. Immediately after the SRE, an increase of blood cell number was observed; returning to baseline after 30 min. However, after 120 min., neutrophils showed higher values than the baseline and 30 min. assessments. CK and CRP increased progressively throughout the experiment. LPO increased immediately and 120 min. after the SRE. Untrained volunteers presented an apparent biphasic inflammatory response after an acute SRE and the changes in oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and leukocytosis were best evidenced two hours after exercise.Keywords: exercise tolerance, pain, inflammation, oxidative stress.Resposta inflamatória após sessão de exercícios resistidos em voluntários destreinados RESUMO. O presente estudo investigou a interação entre as células sanguíneas, marcadores inflamatórios, parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT) após uma sessão de exercícios de resistência (SER). A amostra compreendeu dezesseis voluntários destreinados (26.4±5 anos; 25.9±3 kg m -2 ). A SER consistiu em 4 séries de 10 repetições máximas (extensão do joelho, agachamento e leg press) para cada exercício. Hemograma completo, proteína C-reativa (PCR), creatina kinase (CK), lipoperoxidação e capacidade antioxidante contra o radical peroxil foram avaliados previamente (basal), 0, 30 e 120 min. após a SER. A DMIT foi avaliada 24h após os exercícios. Imediatamente após a SER ocorreu um aumento no número de células sanguíneas, retornando aos valores basais após 30 min. Entretanto, após 120 min. os neutrófilos apresentaram valores mais elevados que as avaliações basais e 30 min. A CK e a PCR aumentaram progressivamente ao longo do experimento. A liperoxidação aumentou imediatamente e 120 min. após a SER. Voluntários destreinados apresentam uma aparente resposta inflamatória bifásica após SER e as alterações dos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, marcadores inflamatórios e leucocitose são melhor evidenciadas duas horas após os exercícios.Palavras-chave: tolerância aos exercícios, dor, inflamação, estresse oxidativo.

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“…However, neither the fight nor the training session resulted in a significant change in the erythrocytes of hematocytes and platelets. Our results were different from those of Teixeira et al (Teixeira et al, 2015) who found that a resistance exercise caused a significant increase in hematocrites, erythrocytes, hemoglobins, and platelets.This can be explained by the fact that in a judo fight, the actions are performed in apnea soliciting, thus, the anaerobic sector in which the low or no use of O2.…”

“…Studies have found similar results: Callegari et al (Callegari et al, 2017) observed a significant increase in LDH and more pronounced CK levels after resistance exercise with a multiple series protocol. Teixeira et al (Teixeira et al, 2015) showed that a resistance exercise for beginners resulted in muscle damage characterized by an increase in CK. Studies have shown an increase in CK levels following a rugbymatch (Gill, 2006).This increase in CK rate is proportional to the number of tackles (Bauduer et al, 2011) and it is highly correlated with the number of tackles per match (r = 0.922) (Takarada, 2003).…”

“…Severalresearchers have studied muscle damage and inflammation following physical exercises or competitions (Callegari et al, 2017;Gioldasis, 2016;Teixeira et al, 2015). During intense exercise, muscle damage is mainly caused by a strong muscle contraction (Takarada, 2003), especially after a resistance exercise or other exercise requiring mainly eccentric actions (Brown et al, 1997;Koch et al, 2014).The eccentric, contraction-intensive intermittent sports based on direct impact during exercise, such as football, rugby, field hockey ... are more traumatic than other types of sports (Bauduer et al, 2011;Ehlers et al, 2002;Junge, 2004;Takarada, 2003).…”

Cold Water Immersion and Inflammatory Response After Resistance Exercises

“…DOMS was assessed 24 h after the exercise session using a visual analog scale. 7 Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), glucose, uric acid, urea, and fibrinogen were evaluated using commercial test kits (Lagoa Santa, MG, Brazil). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) was determined using the Friedewald formula.…”

“…2 Oxidation/reduction imbalance 3 occurs during and after REs in high-intensity sessions because the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and nonenzymatic (vitamins A, C , and E, and uric acid) antioxidant capacity, resulting in oxidation of cellular constituents 4,5,6 and an inflammatory response. 3,7 These alterations are clinically characterized by delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which results in reduced contractility 8 and muscular functionality. 9 Sedentary and/ or untrained individuals are especially vulnerable, 2,9 because DOMS is a transient condition (peak at 24-72 h and symptom resolution in 5-7 days) 10 that may lead to exercise program dropout.…”