&lt;b&gt;Psychological Stress and Welfare in Fish&lt;/b&gt;

Galhardo, Leonor; Oliveira, Rui Filipe

doi:10.5016/1806-8774.2009v11p1

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…To date, the effect of parasite attachment on nociception has not been examined. However, it is possible that attachment could cause the release of cortisol via nociceptive system hormones (for review, see Galhardo and Oliveira, 2009). By contrast, it is possible that attachment could trigger an immune response with a resulting increase in cortisol.…”

Section: Cortisol Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite infection directly impacts escape response and stress levels in fish

Allan

Illing

Fakan

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Parasites can account for a substantial proportion of the biomass in marine communities. As such, parasites play a significant ecological role in ecosystem functioning via host interactions. Unlike macropredators, such as large piscivores, micropredators, such as parasites, rarely cause direct mortality. Rather, micropredators impose an energetic tax, thus significantly affecting host physiology and behaviour via sublethal effects. Recent research suggests that infection by gnathiid isopods (Crustacea) causes significant physiological stress and increased mortality rates. However, it is unclear whether infection causes changes in the behaviours that underpin escape responses or changes in routine activity levels. Moreover, it is poorly understood whether the cost of gnathiid infection manifests as an increase in cortisol. To investigate this, we examined the effect of experimental gnathiid infection on the swimming and escape performance of a newly settled coral reef fish and whether infection led to increased cortisol levels. We found that micropredation by a single gnathiid caused fast-start escape performance and swimming behaviour to significantly decrease and cortisol levels to double. Fast-start escape performance is an important predictor of recruit survival in the wild. As such, altered fitness-related traits and short-term stress, perhaps especially during early life stages, may result in large scale changes in the number of fish that successfully recruit to adult populations.

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Section: Cortisol Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite infection directly impacts escape response and stress levels in fish

Allan

Illing

Fakan

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The significant (p≤0.05) elevation in glucose levels (hyperglycaemia), which was dose and duration dependent in the sub lethal exposure of cadmium (Cd 2+ ) to both stages of fish C. gariepinus fingerlings and juveniles with reference to the control in the present study, may be as a result of chronic stress caused by prolonged exposure to cadmium. Stress condition is accompanied by the stimulation of plasma cortisol whose role is to maintain allostasis and initiate response to stress by way of regulation [35] . These in turn stimulated the release of amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids present in the blood and increased the synthesis of enzymes in the liver, which converted amino acids and glycerol into glucose (Gluconeogenesis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud.

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The extensive use of cadmium in industry and the degree of its toxicity indeed pose an environmental problem. The objective of the present work is to study the sub-lethal toxicity effects of cadmium (Cd 2+ ) on serum biochemical changes in the fresh water fish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings and juveniles. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory for a period of 56 days. Fish were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of cadmium (Cd 2+ ) 0.41, 0.81, 1.62 mg/L and control (0.00) for the fingerlings and 0.51, 1.02, 2.03 mg/L Cd 2+ and control (0.00) for the juveniles respectively. However, blood samples were collected for assessing some biochemical changes after 56 days. Glucose level, Cholesterol values, Glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT/AST), Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT/ALT) and Alkaline phosphate (ALP) increased with increase in concentrations of the toxicant compare with the control in both stages of the fish compare with the control, on the other hand, values of Total protein (TP) and Triglyceride decreased with increase in concentration of Cadmium (Cd 2+ ) in the fingerlings stage. However, protein level increased with increase in concentration of cadmium (Cd 2+ ) in the Juveniles stage. The study has shown that the exposure of the fish C. gariepinus fingerling and juveniles to cadmium can inflict unfavourable alterations in the biochemical parameters which could lead to the death of fish.

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“…Occupational enrichments generally are those which encourage the animal to interact with the environment in some way—for example, puzzles or toys, opportunities for exercise, or the opportunity for animals to exert control over their environment [ 40 ]. These forms of enrichment may help to promote normal behaviour, and may alleviate boredom or psychological stress, which can be seriously detrimental to good welfare [ 115 , 116 ]. Such interventions are not easy to design, and so far there is little evidence as to whether zebrafish might be interested in such devices, but there is potential to provide some forms of occupational enrichment to zebrafish ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Defining and Evaluating Environmental Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment for Laboratory Zebrafish—A Review of the Evidence and the Challenges

Stevens

Reed

Hawkins

2021

Animals

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Good practice for the housing and care of laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio is an increasingly discussed topic, with focus on appropriate water quality parameters, stocking densities, feeding regimes, anaesthesia and analgesia practices, methods of humane killing, and more. One area of current attention is around the provision of environmental enrichment. Enrichment is accepted as an essential requirement for meeting the behavioural needs and improving the welfare of many laboratory animal species, but in general, provision for zebrafish is minimal. Some of those involved in the care and use of zebrafish suggest there is a ‘lack of evidence’ that enrichment has welfare benefits for this species, or cite a belief that zebrafish do not ‘need’ enrichment. Concerns are also sometimes raised around the practical challenges of providing enrichments, or that they may impact on the science being undertaken. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that various forms of enrichment are preferred by zebrafish over a barren tank, and that enriched conditions can improve welfare by reducing stress and anxiety. This review explores the effects that enrichment can have on zebrafish behaviour, physiology and welfare, and considers the challenges to facilities of providing more enrichment for the zebrafish they house.

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<b>Psychological Stress and Welfare in Fish</b>

Cited by 25 publications

References 125 publications

Parasite infection directly impacts escape response and stress levels in fish

Parasite infection directly impacts escape response and stress levels in fish

Untitled

Enrichment for Laboratory Zebrafish—A Review of the Evidence and the Challenges

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