&lt;B&gt;Regular Articles / Articles Réguliers&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ribeiroia ondatrae&lt;/i&gt; (Trematoda: Digenea) infection induces severe limb malformations in western toads (&lt;i&gt;Bufo boreas&lt;/i&gt;)

Johnson, Pieter T. J.; Lunde, Kevin B.; Haight, Ryan W.; Bowerman, Jay; Blaustein, Andrew R.

doi:10.1139/cjz-79-3-370

Cited by 41 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We documented, in both larval and adult tiger salamanders, an incidence of malformations (approx. 8%) nearly twice as high as previously reported in adult newts (Meyer-Rochow & Asahima 1988) and similar to many anuran species ( Johnson et al 2001). Despite the differences in locations of malformations (hind and forelimb malformations were equally frequent in adults whereas larvae had significantly more hind limb malformations), our results reveal few differences in the frequency of malformations among life-history stages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…For adults, we detected malformations in only 1 of 109 individuals sampled in 2003, 14 of 220 in 2004, 6 of 44 in 2005 and 32 of 314 in 2006. Similar variation in the malformation rate over time is also seen in newts (Taricha torosa) and many anurans (Johnson et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Malformations play an unknown role in worldwide amphibian declines, and there is growing trepidation about whether they may be linked to factors such as UVB radiation and parasite infection (Blaustein et al 1997;Johnson et al 2001). Inbreeding and other measures of genetic diversity have largely been ignored in studies of amphibian malformations, but may be important because habitat fragmentation and philopatric tendencies may increase the probability for consanguineous matings and the concomitant loss of genetic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amphibian malformations and inbreeding

et al. 2008

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Inbreeding may lead to morphological malformations in a wide variety of taxa. We used genetic markers to evaluate whether malformed urodeles were more inbred and/or had less genetic diversity than normal salamanders. We captured 687 adult and 1259 larval tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum), assessed each individual for gross malformations, and surveyed genetic variation among malformed and normal individuals using both cytoplasmic and nuclear markers. The most common malformations in both adults and larvae were brachydactyly, ectrodactyly and polyphalangy. The overall frequency of adults with malformations was 0.078 compared to 0.081 in larval samples. Genetic diversity was high in both normal and malformed salamanders, and there were no significant difference in measures of inbreeding ( f and F ), allele frequencies, mean individual heterozygosity or mean internal relatedness. Environmental contaminants or other extrinsic factors may lead to genome alternations that ultimately cause malformations, but our data indicate that inbreeding is not a causal mechanism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amphibian malformations and inbreeding

et al. 2008

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“…Some reports suggest the presence of developmental toxicants at sites corre sponding to observations of malformed amphibians ( , ); however, evidence of a chemical etiology for the limb malformations remains equivocal ( , ). Another hypothesis that may explain the malformations involves physical disruption of the developing limb bud field of amphibians by parasitic trematodes (); recent research with Pacific tree frogs and western toads experimentally infected with trematodes ( Ribeiroia ) has demonstrated the plausibility of this hypothesis ( , ). There is significant uncertainty, however, as to the spatial and temporal occurrence of trematodes relative to malformations observed in ranid species of concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Risk of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation to Amphibians. I. Dose-Dependent Induction of Hindlimb Malformations in the Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens)

Ankley

Diamond

Tietge

et al. 2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A number of environmental stressors have been hypothesized as responsible for recent increases in limb malformations in several species of North American amphibians. The purpose of this study was to generate dose-response data suitable for assessing the potential role of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in causing limb malformations in a species in which this phenomenon seemingly is particularly prevalent, the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Frogs were exposed from early embryonic stages through complete metamorphosis to varying natural sunlight regimes, including unaltered (100%) sunlight, sunlight subjected to neutral density filtration to achieve relative intensities of 85%, 75%, 65%, 50%, and 25% of unaltered sunlight, and sunlight filtered with glass or acrylamide to attenuate, respectively, the UVB (290-320 nm) and UVB plus UVA (290-380 nm) portions of the spectrum. The experiments were conducted in a controlled setting, with continual monitoring of UVB, UVA, and visible light to support a robust exposure assessment. Full sunlight caused approximately 50% mortality of the frogs during early larval development; no significant treatment-related mortality occurred under any of the other exposure regimes, including 100% sunlight with glass or acrylamide filtration. There was a dose-dependent (p < 0.0001) induction of hindlimb malformations in the frogs, with the percentage of affected animals ranging from about 97% under unaltered sunlight to 0% in the 25% neutral density treatment. Malformations were comprised mostly of missing or truncated digits, and generally were bilateral as well as symmetrical. Filtration of sunlight with either glass or acrylamide both significantly reduced the incidence of malformed limbs. The estimated sunlight dose resulting in a 50% limb malformation rate (ED50) was 63.5%. The limb ED50 values based on measured sunlight intensities corresponded to average daily doses of 4.5 and 100 Wh x m(-2) for UVB and UVA, respectively. Exposure to sunlight also resulted in increased eye malformations in R. pipiens, however, the dose-response relationship for this endpoint was not monotonic. The results of this study, in conjunction with measured or predicted exposure data from natural settings, provide a basis for quantitative prediction of the risk of solar UV radiation to amphibians.

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“…induces limb deformities and extra limb growth in amphibians where metacercariae become lodged between limb joints and phalanges (Johnson et al 1999). Ribeiroia are known to cause limb deformities in toads in a manner that looks similar to that which is evident for Chaunus marinus at the Biological Station pond (Johnson et al 2001;Blaustein & Johnson 2003;. Whether the injuries sustained by C. marinus are a direct result of predation, Ribeiroia sp.…”

Section: Effects Of Predation On Amphibians During Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on the population ecology of sixteen anuran amphibians in a seasonally flooded neotropical forest

Lewis¹

2022

Preprint

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Amphibians are declining globally from climate change, habitat destruction, pollution and disease. In tropical environments deciphering causes of decline is hampered by a lack of population data. In this study, climate, water quality and amphibian population was recorded at Caño Palma Biological Station in Costa Rica over 3 years. Population dynamics were recorded for 16 species of amphibian and the affects of flooding on them determined. Spearman Rank Correlation, Principal Component Analysis, Multiple Analysis of Variance and Linear Regression were used to investigate climate and flooding. Direct measurements of aqueous pH, conductivity, iron, nitrate, hardness, oxygen, carbon dioxide and salinity were made through periodic inundation. A mark-recapture program for 16 amphibian species collected population data from an area of Manicaria swamp forest and a breeding pond in lowland wet forest. Pollock Open Jolly-Seber and Petersen-Schnabel population models estimated amphibian abundance. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to investigate relationships between climate, water quality and amphibian populations. Temperature and humidity remained stable. Rainfall data recorded up to 350mm in one 24 hour period. Flooding occurred annually and was governed by rainfall and spring river tides. Water quality of the environments changed little during flooding. CCA results suggested that amphibian abundance was not related to water quality. Salinity and conductivity levels increased but were not toxic. Amphibian populations fluctuated within and between years. Pollock Open Jolly-Seber estimates were completed for Chaunus marinus, Rana vaillanti and Oophaga pumilio. Petersen-Schnabel estimates were completed for Bufo coniferus, O. pumilio, Craugastor fitzingeri, Craugastor polyptychus and Leptodactylus melanonotus. All populations appeared unchanged across years. C. marinus, R. vaillanti, O. pumilio, B. coniferus, C. fitzingeri, C. polyptychus and L. melanonotus adapted to flooding by altering their preferred behaviour and microhabitat. Most amphibians suspended seasonal activity during flooding.

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<B>Regular Articles / Articles Réguliers</B><P><i>Ribeiroia ondatrae</i> (Trematoda: Digenea) infection induces severe limb malformations in western toads (<i>Bufo boreas</i>)

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Amphibian malformations and inbreeding

Amphibian malformations and inbreeding

Assessment of the Risk of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation to Amphibians. I. Dose-Dependent Induction of Hindlimb Malformations in the Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens)

Environmental influences on the population ecology of sixteen anuran amphibians in a seasonally flooded neotropical forest

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