<b>Use of microsatellite markers to assess the identity and genetic diversity of <i>Vitis labrusca</i> and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i> cultivars

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Ten grapevine cultivars were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci to characterize their identity and genetic diversity. Of these, nine cultivar profiles matched with those of databases and 'Magoon' matched with 'Regale' in the present study and 'Regale' in the University of California (Davis) database, implicating a likely error in planting. The number of alleles ranged from 5 (VVM5) to 9 (VVMD31), and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 37.14 (VVMD5) to 97.14% (VVMD27), with no significant differences in relation to the expected values for any of the loci, with the exception of VVMD5. The polymorphism information content values were observed to be above 0.25 in more than 85% of the loci analyzed, and VVMD31 was the most informative. The UPGMA analysis clustered the cultivars into two distinct groups. Within each group, the most divergent cultivars were 'Bountiful' (V. rotundifolia) and 'Goethe' (V. labrusca), also exhibiting the largest number of private alleles, 4 and 7, respectively. When comparing the two groups, the most divergent accessions were 'Bountiful' and 'Bordo', with the highest Nei distance. It was demonstrated that there is sufficient genetic variability in the cultivars used in this study to support breeding programs.Keywords: grapevine, genetic variability, molecular marker.Uso de marcadores microssatélites para acessar a identidade e diversidade genética de cultivares de Vitis labrusca e Vitis rotundifolia RESUMO. Dez cultivares de videira foram genotipadas com oito locos microssatélites a fim de confirmar a sua identidade e caracterizar sua diversidade genética. Destas, o perfil de nove cultivares foram idênticos aos da base de dados e o de 'Magoon' foi idêntico a 'Regale' deste estudo e de 'Regale' da base de dados da Universidade da Califórnia (Davis), indicando um provável erro de plantio. O número de alelos variou de 5 (VVM5) a 9 (VVMD31). A heterozigosidade observada variou de 37,14 (VVMD5) a 97,14% (VVMD27), sem diferenças significativas em relação aos valores esperados para todos os locos, exceto para VVMD5. Os valores de conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC) foram superiores a 0,25 em mais de 85% dos locos analisados, sendo que VVMD31 apresentou-se como o mais informativo. Por meio da análise de agrupamento UPGMA foi possível separar as cultivares em 2 grupos distintos. Dentro de cada grupo, as cultivares mais divergentes foram 'Bountiful' (V. rotundifolia) e 'Goethe' (V. labrusca), que também apresentaram o maior número de alelos privados, 4 e 7, respectivamente. Quando comparados os dois grupos, as cultivares mais divergentes foram 'Bountiful' e 'Bordo', com a maior distância de Nei. Foi evidenciado que há variabilidade genética suficiente nas cultivares utilizadas neste estudo para subsidiar programas de melhoramento genético.Palavras-chave: videira, variabilidade genética, marcador molecular.

Genetic changes in the genus Vitis and the domestication of vine

“…However, a consensus on the origin of the genus has not yet been reached, and some authors suggest the existence of simultaneous centers of origin on the mentioned continents (Wen et al, 2018). What seems certain is that the Muscadinia subgenus is endemic to the Southeast of the United States of America (Olien, 1990;Schuck et al, 2014). Even without a mutual agreement on the origin of the genus Vitis, all studies have been of great importance in the construction of its phylogeny in order to know the wild and cultivated species and the relationship between them, such as the conservation of the germplasm of plants cultivated worldwide.…”

“…In the same century, European varieties were introduced in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand (Royer, 1988;This et al, 2006). Subsequently, the American species, like V. labrusca and V. rotundifolia, were used for the development of hybrid cultivars in order to obtain resistance to certain pests and diseases and the traits of the fruit of Vitis vinifera (Pommer et al, 2003;Schuck et al, 2014).…”

Molecular characterization of autochthonous grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars in Kurdistan using simple sequence repeats (SSRs)

“…The frequently cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most extensively grown fruit plants worldwide with regards to its great economic significance throughout the world (Riaz et al, 2018;Laucou et al, 2018). Although grapevine belongs to the Ampelidaceae family, it is recently classified under Vitaceae family, which includes 17 genera (Schuck et al, 2014). The most important genus within this family is Vitis, the only genus to produce edible fruits (Dauob et al, 2018).…”

Evaluation of Grapevines (Vitis Vinifera L.) Genetic Diversity by Using Microsatellite Markers

“…1. Успадкування сортами Аркадія та Подарунок селекціонера нульових алелів від їхніх батьківських сортів; цифрами позначено розміри алелів у п. н.; 0 -нульовий алель Як зазначають автори [20,31], навіть локуси із позитивним показником r не обов'язково містять нульовий алель, оскільки даний показник є, скоріш за все, індикатором надлишку гомозигот.…”