&lt;i&gt;Actinomyces denticolens&lt;/i&gt; as a causative agent of actinomycosis in animals

Murakami, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Tomoko; Sekigawa, Yuriko; Torii, Yasushi; Kanesaki, Yu; Ishige, Taichiro; Yokoyama, Eiji; Ishiwata, Hiroyuki; Hamada, Moriyuki; Tamura, Tomohiko

doi:10.1292/jvms.18-0207

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, an MLST scheme developed for the identification and genotyping of A. oris and A. naeslundii ( 23 ) was used and extended for A. denticolens and eight other Actinomyces species. The housekeeping genes of this MLST scheme were previously used by Murakami et al for comparing A. denticolens strain Chiba 101 with strain DSM20671 ( 5 ). However, they did not assign and report allelic profiles and STs for these strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and molecular characterization of Actinomyces denticolens causing lymph node abscessation in horses

et al. 2023

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IntroductionAbscessation of equine head lymph nodes can be caused by various bacteria, but Streptococcus equi subsp. equi is mainly involved. At our laboratory, samples of three unrelated horses with submandibular abscesses were found negative for S. equi, and further testing proved the presence of another genus. This raised the question for the exact identity of this pathogen and whether these isolates were epidemiologically related and it warranted further characterization with regards of virulence and resistance factors.MethodsCulture followed by identification using MALDI-TOF MS, MIC testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to characterize the bacteria.ResultsBacterial culture and subsequent identification with MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the reliable identification of A. denticolens in two of the three cases. Final confirmation of A. denticolens for all three isolates was achieved by analysis of the WGS data, supported by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The three isolates showed 95% nucleotide sequence identity. The number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (10,170 to 36,058) indicated that the isolates were not clonal, suggesting that these cases were epidemiologically unrelated. Only four known virulence related genes were detected. The absence of known antibiotic resistance genes was in line with the high susceptibility, as indicated by the susceptibility patterns obtained for two of the three isolates.ConclusionWe conclude that A. denticolens should be included in the differential diagnosis of (submandibular) lymph node abscessation in horses, especially if strangles cannot be confirmed with laboratory diagnostics. Furthermore, we report the first draft genome of A. denticolens isolated from horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Actinomyces denticolens , a species that has been sporadically described in recent years as the causative agent in case reports of such chronic inflammations ( 1 – 4 ). However, to date, these reports are scarce, and in horses, actinomycosis is considered to be a rare condition ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and molecular characterization of Actinomyces denticolens causing lymph node abscessation in horses

et al. 2023

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“…Actinomyces suis based on the description by Franke 11 as a causative pathogen has been considered a species incertae sedis. Recent results strongly suggest that Actinomyces suis identified by Franke is the same species as A. denticolens 12 . As another Actinomyces sp., A. suimastitidis was isolated from a sow with mastitis 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bacteriological investigation of milk samples and biopsies from the mammary gland of healthy sows

Spiegel

Altrock

et al. 2022

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere

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Objective Milk samples from clinically healthy sows often contain a similar bacterial content as samples from mastitic sows. To verify whether contamination during sample collection is a possible reason for this or bacterial content in the mammary gland postpartum is a regular finding, the aim of the present study was to compare the suitability of milk samples and mammary gland biopsies for assessing the bacteriological status of healthy sows. Material and methods Twenty-five clinically healthy sows of different parities were selected. The mammary skin and teats were cleaned and disinfected before biopsies and milk samples were taken from the second mammary gland on the left udder side one day postpartum. Needle biopsies were performed after local anaesthesia. Samples were investigated bacteriologically for aerobic bacteria and a semi-quantitative classification of bacterial growth was carried out. Additionally, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from 18 of the healthy sows were stained and scored for inflammatory cells. Results A low bacterial content could be found in 96 % of milk samples and in 92 % of biopsies from the healthy sows. Both Gram-positive (mostly streptococci and staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were detected. Histopathological examination revealed mild inflammatory cell infiltration with mainly plasma cells and lymphocytes, in rare cases neutrophilic granulocytes. Conclusion Biopsies of the mammary gland provided similar results with regard to bacteriological investigation compared to milk sampling although these were collected under aseptic conditions. Therefore, it is assumed that ubiquitous bacteria are regularly present in the colostrum and in the mammary gland tissue of clinically healthy sows after parturition. Histopathological findings were not entirely uneventful. Clinical relevance Milk samples and biopsies from the thoroughly cleaned and disinfected mammary gland indicate a regular bacterial load of the gland postpartum; biopsies do not provide advantages with regard to hygienic conditions.

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Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China

Chao

Zhang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Horse botflies have been a threat to the Przewalski’s horses in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve in Xinjiang of China since their reintroduction to the original range. As larvae of these parasites could infest the intestine of a horse for months, they could interact with and alter the structure and composition of its intestinal microbiota, affecting adversely its health. Nonetheless, there are no such studies on the rewilded Przewalski’s horses yet. For the first time, this study characterizes the composition of the intestinal microbiota of 7 rewilded Przewalski’s horses infected severely by Gasterophilus pecorum following and prior to their anthelmintic treatment. Bioinformatics analyses of the sequence data obtained by amplicon high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that G. pecorum infestation significantly increased the richness of the intestinal microbial community but not its diversity. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were found the dominant phyla as in other animals, and the parasitic infestation decreased the F/B ratio largely by over 50%. Large reduction in relative abundances of the two genera Streptococcus and Lactobacillus observed with G. pecorum infestation suggested possible changes in colic and digestion related conditions of the infected horses. Variations on the relative abundance of the genus groups known to be pathogenic or symbiotic showed that adverse impact of the G. pecorum infestation could be associated with reduction of the symbiotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that are probiotics and able to promote immunity against parasitic infection.

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<i>Actinomyces denticolens</i> as a causative agent of actinomycosis in animals

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Detection and molecular characterization of Actinomyces denticolens causing lymph node abscessation in horses

Detection and molecular characterization of Actinomyces denticolens causing lymph node abscessation in horses

Bacteriological investigation of milk samples and biopsies from the mammary gland of healthy sows

Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China

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