&lt;i&gt;Apophysomyces elegans&lt;/i&gt; - renal mucormycosis in a healthy host: A case report from south India

Thomas, Alan; Shah, Samir S.; Mathews,; Chacko, Ninan

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.42048

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The route of infection in renal tissue is not known, but ureter involvement was reported for two of these patients (204,327), whereas contiguous spread from the abdomen was suspected in another case (55). These patients underwent successful treatment with AmB alone (204), nephrectomy (327), and/or drainage of the renal abscess guided by ultrasound (55).…”

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fungal inoculation source and predisposing condition for Apophysomyces elegans are occasionally unknown (Table 2) (55,56,144,184,327). Among cases with unknown or undescribed (n ϭ 12) or no (n ϭ 12) predisposing factors (Table 2), and excluding cases with underlying conditions (n ϭ 5) (55, 56, 117a, 246, 307), 8 (40%) were rhino-orbital infections where the acquisition was likely related to spore inhalation (55,304,318,322).…”

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among cases with unknown or undescribed (n ϭ 12) or no (n ϭ 12) predisposing factors (Table 2), and excluding cases with underlying conditions (n ϭ 5) (55, 56, 117a, 246, 307), 8 (40%) were rhino-orbital infections where the acquisition was likely related to spore inhalation (55,304,318,322). Therefore, in 11 (15%) previously healthy patients who developed soft tissue infection (n ϭ 5) (55,144,246), osteomyelitis and arthritis (n ϭ 1) (212), or kidney (n ϭ 4) (55,184,204,327) or intra-abdominal infection with kidney involvement (n ϭ 1) (55) caused by Apophysomyces elegans, no predisposing factor was detected. Apophysomyces elegans is believed to be incapable of penetrating intact skin (64), but trauma without visible breakage of skin integrity was deemed responsible for Apophysomyces elegans osteomyelitis of the sternum that appeared clinically 2 months later in a previously healthy individual (88).…”

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated renal mucormycosis caused by Mucormycetes has rarely been reported (54,287). Isolated renal Apophysomyces elegans infections without any apparent predisposing factors were reported for three previously healthy individuals (55,204,327) and one patient with chronic alcoholism (55). The route of infection in renal tissue is not known, but ureter involvement was reported for two of these patients (204,327), whereas contiguous spread from the abdomen was suspected in another case (55).…”

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated renal Apophysomyces elegans infections without any apparent predisposing factors were reported for three previously healthy individuals (55,204,327) and one patient with chronic alcoholism (55). The route of infection in renal tissue is not known, but ureter involvement was reported for two of these patients (204,327), whereas contiguous spread from the abdomen was suspected in another case (55). These patients underwent successful treatment with AmB alone (204), nephrectomy (327), and/or drainage of the renal abscess guided by ultrasound (55).…”

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

2011

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SUMMARY Rhizopus , Mucor , and Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia ) species are the most common members of the order Mucorales that cause mucormycosis, accounting for 70 to 80% of all cases. In contrast, Cunninghamella , Apophysomyces , Saksenaea , Rhizomucor , Cokeromyces , Actinomucor , and Syncephalastrum species individually are responsible for fewer than 1 to 5% of reported cases of mucormycosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis of, treatment of, and prognosis for unusual Mucormycetes infections (non- Rhizopus , - Mucor , and - Lichtheimia species). The infections caused by these less frequent members of the order Mucorales frequently differ in their epidemiology, geographic distribution, and disease manifestations. Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Rhizomucor pusillus affect primarily immunocompromised hosts, mostly resulting from spore inhalation, causing pulmonary and disseminated infections with high mortality rates. R. pusillus infections are nosocomial or health care related in a large proportion of cases. While Apophysomyces elegans and Saksenaea vasiformis are occasionally responsible for infections in immunocompromised individuals, most cases are encountered in immunocompetent individuals as a result of trauma, leading to soft tissue infections with relatively low mortality rates. Increased knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical presentations of these unusual Mucormycetes infections may improve early diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apophysomyces Elegans Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

2011

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Biology, systematics, and clinical manifestations of Zygomycota infections

Muszewska

Pawłowska

Krzyściak

2014

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Fungi cause opportunistic, nosocomial, and community-acquired infections. Among fungal infections (mycoses) zygomycoses are exceptionally severe, with a mortality rate exceeding 50 %. Immunocompromised hosts, transplant recipients, and diabetic patients with uncontrolled keto-acidosis and high iron serum levels are at risk. Zygomycota are capable of infecting hosts immune to other filamentous fungi. The infection often follows a progressive pattern, with angioinvasion and metastases. Moreover, current antifungal therapy frequently has an unfavorable outcome. Zygomycota are resistant to some of the routinely used antifungals, among them azoles (except posaconazole) and echinocandins. The typical treatment consists of surgical debridement of the infected tissues accompanied by amphotericin B administration. The latter has strong nephrotoxic side effects, which make it unsuitable for prophylaxis. Delayed administration of amphotericin and excision of mycelium-containing tissues worsens survival prognoses. More than 30 species of Zygomycota are involved in human infections, among them Mucorales is the most abundant. Prognosis and treatment suggestions differ for each species, which makes fast and reliable diagnosis essential. Serum sample PCR-based identification often gives false-negative results; culture-based identification is time-consuming and not always feasible. With the dawn of Zygomycota sequencing projects significant advancement is expected, as in the case of treatment of Ascomycota infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10096-014-2076-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India

Chakrabarti

Dhaliwal

2013

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

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<i>Apophysomyces elegans</i> - renal mucormycosis in a healthy host: A case report from south India

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

Biology, systematics, and clinical manifestations of Zygomycota infections

Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India

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