<i>Clostridium tetani</i> Isolated from Patients with Systemic Tetanus

Retrospective evaluation of 155 adult equids and 21 foals with tetanus in Western, Northern, and Central Europe (2000–2014). Part 1: Description of history and clinical evolution

“…Only a small number of wounds in the horses affected by tetanus in this study were assessed for bacterial contamination or the presence of Clostridium tetani . Although the organism cannot be recovered in 46–70% of human cases with anaerobic culture methods, a Gram stain can aid in identification of C tetani Attempts to culture C tetani from possible entry wounds can help to confirm the diagnosis of tetanus, which is currently in most equine cases restricted to identification of the typical clinical signs. Furthermore, knowledge on the bacterial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of infected entry wounds can be helpful to optimize wound treatments.…”

Geographic distribution of cadmium and its interaction with the microbial community in the Longjiang River: risk evaluation after a shocking pollution accident

“…For example, some species of Clostridium are pathogenic bacteria 46 . Clostridium can produce botulinum toxin in food or wounds and cause botulism 47 and are also the causative organism of tetanus 48 . Methanocella is also a Cd-sensitive microbe that mainly exists in rice paddy soil and could produce methane 49 .…”

Tetanus Overlooked Due to the Involvement of Multiple Departments: A Case Report

“…The isolation rate of tetanus is said to be about 30% because its causative agent, Clostridium tetani, is a biased anaerobe and cannot grow in the presence of oxygen [ 8 ]. According to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan, the organism could be isolated only in one of 157 cases of tetanus reported in 1999-2000 [ 9 ].…”

“…This means that the final diagnosis has to be based on clinical symptoms and the presence/absence of a trauma history, although, in about 30% of the patients, there is no clear history of trauma [1], which makes it difficult to definitively diagnose tetanus on the first visit. The Tokyo Metropolitan Centre for Health and Safety Research reported that the circumstances at the time of infection could be estimated in 34 patients, with the most common being gardening (including those described as gardening or fieldwork) in 12 (14.5%) and falls and bruises in nine (10.8%), while 49 patients had unknown sources of infection [8]. In the present patient, the infection was thought to have been triggered by gardening, but the long incubation period meant that no obvious trauma could be identified at the time of examination, which delayed the diagnosis.…”