<i>In situ</i> gels as a modern method of intranasal vaccine delivery

Abstract

The continuous emergence of new pathogens and the evolution of microbial drug resistance make it absolutely necessary to develop innovative, effective vaccination strategies. Use of nasal vaccination can increase convenience, safety, cause both local and systemic immune reactions. Intranasal administration nevertheless has a number of shortcomings that can be overcome by using the latest achievements of pharmaceutical science. One of the aspects of such solution may be the use of systems for the production of intranasal vaccines in situ polymer compositions that provide a directed sol-gel transition controlled by the physiological conditions of the nasal cavity. At the same time, the gelation of the administered dose in contact with the nasal mucosa involves prolonged exposure of the drug at the injection site, greater mucoadhesion, counteraction to mucociliary clearance, modified and more complete release. A number of both foreign and domestic manufacturers produces polymers such as chitosan, gums, polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block copolymers (poloxamers, proxanols), carbomers. For effective pharmaceutical development of new intranasal IBD delivery systems corresponding to the QbD concept, not only the knowledge of the range of excipients is necessary, but also simple, accessible, and reproducible methods for determining indicators that define the critical parameters of such delivery systems. In accordance with the conducted scientific search, the main indicators of standardization of in situ intranasal systems were identified: temperature and time of gel formation, gel strength, rheological characteristics, mucoadhesion, release, nasal mucociliary clearance time.

Intranasal Ion-Triggered In Situ Delivery System of Virus-like Particles: Development Using the Quality by Design Approach

“…The high compatibility of ion-triggered polymers with most APIs, including immunobiological substances, determines the relevance of using ISS as adjuvants for intranasal vaccination [ 3 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The administration of immunobiological drugs through the nasal cavity using adjuvant delivery systems allows both local immunization and systemic immune responses to be achieved.…”

“…The administration of immunobiological drugs through the nasal cavity using adjuvant delivery systems allows both local immunization and systemic immune responses to be achieved. Due to the dense vascularization of the nasal mucosa and the uniform distribution of the dosage form, complete and prolonged absorption of IBD occurs [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”