“…However, biosensors have the disadvantages of poor stability and high cost. [32][33][34][35] To overcome these obstacles, non-enzymatic biosensors utilizing nanomaterials have gained much interest because of their high activity, stability, and low cost. For example, Au and Ag nanoparticles [36][37][38][39] have been reported as substituents for BOx in the free-type catalytical oxidation for biosensing.…”