<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Silico</i> Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-HIV and Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Endophytic Fungi, <i>Cladosporium uredinicola</i> Phytochemicals

Abstract

The present work was aimed to identify phytochemicals in C. uredinicola methanol extract from qualitative, TLC and GC-MS method and evaluated for antioxidant, anti-HIV, anti-diabetes, anti-cholinesterase activity in vitro and in silico. The C. uredinicola extract showed flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, and coumarins presence in qualitative method. From GC-MS analysis, identified seven different phytochemicals and out of seven, four (coumarin, coumarilic acid, hymecromone, alloisoimperatorin) are coumarins. The C. uredinicola extract have shown significant antioxidant activity in DPPH (73) and FRAP (1359) method. The HIV-1 RT (83.81+2.14), gp 120 (80.24+2.31), integrase (79.43+3.14) and protease (77.63+2.14), DPPIV, β-glucosidase and acetyl cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced by the extract. The 2-diphenylmethyleneamino methyl ester had shown significant interaction with oxidant and HIV-1 proteins whereas alloisoimperatorin have interacted with diabetes and cholinesterase proteins followed by hymecromone with high binding energy. These three phytochemicals are non-carcinogens, non-toxic, readily degradable and have drug likeliness properties. The C. uredinicola phytochemicals are responsible for management of diabetes, HIV-1 and Alzheimer. Further in vivo work is needed to justify our research.

Chemical and Biological Review of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Morus sp. (Moraceae) and In Silico Study of Their Antidiabetic Potential

“…For example, endophytic fungal metabolites associated with Syzygium cumini L. showed significant amylase inhibitory activity, which could be utilized in discovering new antidiabetic bioactive molecules [ 15 ]. Many fungal metabolites belonging to different classes were evaluated for their antidiabetic activities [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”