<i>In vitro</i> Antibacterial Efficacy of Non-Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry Industry

Abstract

Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been used for many years as supplements in various livestock diets, including those for poultry. However, the use of AGPs in feed was also associated with an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in livestock. In this study, the in vitro antibacterial efficacies of eight commercially available non-AGPs suitable for use in poultry were investigated. Assessments included a combination of antibacterial activity assays and estimations of the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations along with scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that the probiotic, CloStat ® exerted a bacteriostatic effect against all tested bacteria, namely Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens, whereas Gallipro Tect ® and Bacillus Blend ® demonstrated bacteriostatic activity towards most of the pathogens tested. Other commercial non-AGPs, Sangrovit ® , Fysal ® , and Mix oil blend ® showed a stronger or equal antibacterial activity compared to the positive control (AGP Maxus ® G100) againsts all bacteria tested, except C. perfringens. Nor-Spice AB ® and Varium TM did not show any significant effect against the tested bacteria. Several of the tested AGP substitutes exhibited good antibacterial efficiency against pathogenic bacteria and thus may be good candidates for second-stage in vivo investigations into reducing pathogen colonization in broilers.

Sanguinarine Exhibits Antiviral Activity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Multisite Inhibition Mechanisms

“…The beneficial effects of sangrovit ® on the growth performance and gut health of piglets, broiler chickens, and fishes have been verified [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, sangrovit ® exerts significant and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and thus has been used as an antibiotic alternative [ 31 ]. Here, we demonstrated the anti-PRRSV property of sanguinarine and chelerythrine, which provides further evidence for the significance of the application of sangrovit ® in the pig-feed industry.…”

Synergistic Interaction Between Paired Combinations of Natural Antimicrobials Against Poultry-Borne Pathogens

“…Furthermore, this trend has emerged due to the European Union and China banning the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock or other agricultural domains. The so-called antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) and non-AGPs, which are non-antibiotic feed supplements that focus on increasing animal development and improving their health status, could be effectively used to control salmonellosis and other diseases caused by foodborne pathogens in animal sectors ( Shan et al, 2007 ; Aljumaah et al, 2020 ).…”

In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Phytobiotics Mixture on Salmonella spp. Isolated from Chicken Broiler

“…There are also reports with promising results, in the Salmonella spp. Control, with probiotics as an alternative for AGPs [ 32 , 33 ]. Analyzing the history of antibiotics from the discovery of penicillin in 1928 until today, when both human and veterinary medicine face the increasing drug resistance of many dangerous bacteria (including Salmonella spp.)…”