&lt;i&gt;Nocardia asteroides&lt;/i&gt; Septicemia in a Pemphigus Patient

Chosidow, Olivier; Wolkenstein, P.; Bagot, M.; Girard-Pipau, F.; Brun‐Buisson, Christian; Fraitag, S.; Roujeau, J C; Revuz, J

doi:10.1159/000247835

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, when lesions are found at two or more locations within the body, the infection is defined as systemic or disseminated nocardiosis. Any anatomic location can be involved, but the most common sites that become infected during dissemination include the CNS, cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, eyes (especially the retina), kidneys, joints, bone, and heart (22,26,36,51,105,107,122,135,144,149,156,159,176,191,218,220,251,253,254,260,263,304,352,375,391,392,423,454,459,466,478,479,503,520,522,525,538,540,566,569,585,589,601,631,708,719,731,734).…”

Section: Pulmonary Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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The nocardiae are bacteria belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes. They are an important part of the normal soil microflora worldwide. The type species, Nocardia asteroides, and N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. nova, and N. transvalensis cause a variety of diseases in both normal and immunocompromised humans and animals. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are complex, not fully understood, and include the capacity to evade or neutralize the myriad microbicidal activities of the host. The relative virulence of N. asteroides correlates with the ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in phagocytes; to neutralize phagosomal acidification; to detoxify the microbicidal products of oxidative metabolism; to modify phagocyte function; to grow within phagocytic cells; and to attach to, penetrate, and grow within host cells. Both activated macrophages and immunologically specific T lymphocytes constitute the major mechanisms for host resistance to nocardial infection, whereas B lymphocytes and humoral immunity do not appear to be as important in protecting the host. Thus, the nocardiae are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persist within the host, probably in a cryptic form (L-form), for life. Silent invasion of brain cells by some Nocardia strains can induce neurodegeneration in experimental animals; however, the role of nocardiae in neurodegenerative diseases in humans needs to be investigated.

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Section: Pulmonary Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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“…Although Nocardia infection is common in immunosuppressed subjects, there have been only five reports of cases presenting nocardiosis and PV, 10–14 a fact that indicates how exceptional this association is.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pemphigus vulgaris and disseminated nocardiosis

Martín¹,

Pérez-Bernal

Camacho

2000

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Infectious diseases, in particular septicaemia from Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are the most severe and frequent complications for the immunosuppressive therapy of pemphigus. Infection by Nocardia asteroides in subjects with pemphigus vulgaris is rare. We report the sixth case found of such an association; the subject died of disseminated nocardiosis while receiving steroids and immunosuppressive drugs, 4 years after being diagnosed with chronic pemphigus vulgaris.

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Section: Systemic Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

Beaman¹,

Beaman²

1994

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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From the very beginning, there has been uncertainty over the taxonomic position of nocardioforms, i.e., bacteria that resemble Nocardia organisms. The specific taxonomy of isolates of this heterogenous group of organisms is still in flux and controversial (275, 278, 403, 404, 420, 584, 676, 699). During the ensuing 100 years, it has been shown that N. asteroides is a heterogeneous taxon (275, 403, 404, 420). It is not within the scope of this review to address this complex subject, yet it is important to note that N. asteroides, as currently defined, probably consists of several subtypes and/or species. These include N. asteroides sensu stricto, N. farcinica, N. nova, and several distinct serotypes and biotypes (278, 403, 404, 698, 699, 727). Regardless of their designation, all of these varieties of the N. asteroides taxon have been isolated from humans and animals with serious (often fatal) infections (93, 584, 698, 699). The other pathogenic Nocardia species appear to be taxonomically more homogeneous and include N. brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarum (N. caviae), and N. transvalensis (275, 420). There is even one Nocardia species that infects plants: N. vaccinii, which causes galls on blueberry plants (420).

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<i>Nocardia asteroides</i> Septicemia in a Pemphigus Patient

Abstract: We report the case of a patient with pemphigus who presented Nocardia asteroides septicemia. The infection was controlled with an original association of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amikacin.

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

Pemphigus vulgaris and disseminated nocardiosis

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

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