&lt;i&gt;Streptobacillus moniliformis&lt;/i&gt; Bacteremia in a Child: Case Report

Joshi, Ravi; Sweih, Noura Al; Nakhi, Hanan A. Bin; Azemi, Marzouq Al; Nair, Shinu

doi:10.1159/000316383

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There were 87 cases identified from review of the literature over the period 2005 to 2020 1,3–77 . Children (aged <18 years) accounted for 28 (32%) of 87 patients, including 4 infants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat-Bite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis

Croker

Prudence

Wilson

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Clin Pract

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Introduction: Rat-bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis is an uncommon infection, which seems to have been increasingly diagnosed in the Hunter New England-Central Coast area of New South Wales, Australia, in recent years.Method: A case series was presented and a review of the literature since 2007 was performed.Results: Our case series includes 11 patients with a median age of 27 years (range, 8-61 years), all of whom were diagnosed with bacteremia. All patients reported rat exposure, although only 4 of 11 were bitten. Common features included fever, rash, joint pains, headache, and vomiting. Patients were mostly treated with 2 to 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy; complications were rare with resolution of symptoms at last follow-up in most cases. There have been 87 patients with rat-bite fever described in the literature since 2007. Clinical findings were similar to our case series although complications, particularly endocarditis and septic arthritis, occurred in approximately a third of cases. Conclusions:The case series and literature review of rat-bite fever describe a characteristic clinical picture with fever, arthritis, and rash; a history of rat exposure is supportive, and blood cultures with current laboratory techniques are usually diagnostic.

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“…There were 87 cases identified from review of the literature over the period 2005 to 2020 1,3–77 . Children (aged <18 years) accounted for 28 (32%) of 87 patients, including 4 infants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat-Bite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis

Croker

Prudence

Wilson

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Clin Pract

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, even with the proper diagnostic tests, in cases of simple disease, synovial fluid cultures might be negative because the etiology of polyarthritis could be related to an immune-mediated response, which essentially means that it's a somewhat real disease involving the human body. The negative organic responses such as peroxidase, phosphate, fumarate, and amidohydrolase might be inadequate for detecting S. moniliformis in the majority of medical research laboratories (Joshi et al 2010). Reliable serological tests are not available for diagnosis of S. moniliformis.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Bite Fever Human Disease

2023

IJAB

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Rat Bite Fever is an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease that occurs in periodic, endemic, and epidemic forms. It is an acute, febrile, and systemic disease classically characterized by acute relapsing fever, rashes, migratory polyarthritis which affects the hands, wrists, and knees. In 1926, in Haverhill, Massachusetts, a large bacterial outbreak was reported by Place and Sutton, caused by the contamination of milk products with Streptobacillus moniliformis (S. moniliformis) bacteria. This outbreak was named Haverhill fever. It is an infrequent disease transmitted by rats and its causative agents are two specific types of bacteria that generate two different kinds of illnesses such as Spirillosis and Streptobacillosis. S. moniliformis bacteria are geographically present only in North America (Streptobacillary Rat Bite Fever) whereas Spirillum minus (S. minus) bacteria that is only reported in Asia and causing Spirillary Rat Bite Fever. It is also called Sodoku in Japanese which means rat poison (So= rat and doku= poison). Both bacterial species are common in rats and can be transmitted from rats to humans through urine, nasal passages, feces, or eye excretions of an infested rat. However, sometimes the infection is spread through food contaminated with excretions such as feces and urine. Specialized culture conditions or PCR tests are usually used for the diagnosis of Rat Bite Fever. Treatment with Tetracycline and Penicillin is commonly used for Rat Bite Fever. If not treated, its mortality rate is 10% to 13%, and a 53% mortality rate with endocarditis in some cases. In order to decrease the risk of infection, when an individual has been bitten by a rat, the affected area should be thoroughly washed and cleaned with disinfected as soon as possible.

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“…In the case we report, S. notomytis was identified in the blood by using 16S rRNA sequencing. S. moniliformis and S. notomytis may also cause Haverhill fever, which is epidemic arthritic erythema transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of food and drink contaminated with rat feces and urine (7)(8)(9)(10). Because the patient reported here had no history of rat bites, the most likely mode of transmission was aerosol inhalation of dried rat feces or water contamination at the patient's home.…”

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confidence: 95%