&lt;p class="HeadingRunIn"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A novel use of predatory mites for dissemination of fungal pathogen for insect biocontrol: The case of &lt;em&gt;Amblyseius swirskii&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Neoseiulus cucumeris &lt;/em&gt;(Phytoseiidae) as vectors of &lt;em&gt;Beauveria bassiana&lt;/em&gt; against &lt;em&gt;Diaphorina citri&lt;/em&gt; (Psyllidae)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Zhang, Yanxuan; Sun, Lina; Lin, Gongyu; Lin, Jin; Chen, Xia; Ji, Jie; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Saitô, Yutaka

doi:10.11158/saa.20.2.4

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…High tolerance in mites to entomopathogenic fungi was also found in another study in which two mite species, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans), were used in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv) Vuill. against the pest Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Exposure To M Brunneum In the Soil On Fitness Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-target effects of Metarhizium brunneum (BIPESCO 5/F 52) in soil show that this fungus varies between being compatible with, or moderately harmful to, four predatory arthropods

et al. 2019

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Biological control with entomopathogenic fungi is a feasible option for regulation of pest insect populations. However, possible effects on beneficial arthropods must be considered. We assessed the non-target effects of the microbial biological control agent Metarhizium brunneum (isolate BIPESCO 5/F 52) applied in soil on four different predatory arthropods: the predatory mite Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini), the predatory bug Orius majusculus (Reuter), the rove beetle Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz) and the gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani. All are widespread and naturally occurring in Europe, they represent different classes of arthropods and different insect orders; furthermore, their life cycles involve different levels of contact with the soil. Adult G. aculeifer, O. majusculus, and D. coriaria, and last instar A. aphidimyza larvae were exposed to natural soil (control) or natural soil inoculated with M. brunneum at a concentration of 5 x 10 6 conidia/g of soil; this represents a worst-case scenario. Mortality, longevity, fecundity and Metarhizium outgrowth on dead individuals were assessed for the first three species; for A. aphidimyza, only mortality (non-emergence rate) and fecundity of emerged females were assessed. The fungal treatment resulted in a significantly higher mortality of O. majusculus and D. coriaria, 96%, and 7.3% respectively, compared with 19%, and 2% for their respective controls. Mortality of G. aculeifer was not significantly affected by exposure to the fungus in the soil. Longevity of O. majusculus and D. coriaria was significantly reduced following exposure to the fungus in the soil (log-rank test: p< 0.0001, Wilcoxon test p< 0.0001 and log-rank test: p=0.029, Wilcoxon test: p=0.027, respectively), while G. aculeifer longevity was not affected. Fecundity of O. majusculus and D. coriaria was negatively affected following exposure to the fungus in the soil, which reduced their oviposition by 20% and 4%, respectively, compared with the control, while G. aculeifer fecundity was not affected. Aphidoletes aphidimyza larval mortality was higher following exposure to the fungus in the soil (60% dead) than in the control (40% dead) but its fecundity was not statistically significantly affected by treatment. In conclusion, the predatory arthropods studied demonstrated a range of fitness responses to M. brunneum exposure in the soil, from no response (G. aculeifer), to intermediate (D. coriaria and A. aphidimyza) and high response (O. majusculus). This study demonstrates the relevance of using several fitness parameters and different arthropod species to determine whether a biological control agent should be considered a low-risk substance with respect to non-target effects.

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Section: Effects Of Exposure To M Brunneum In the Soil On Fitness Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-target effects of Metarhizium brunneum (BIPESCO 5/F 52) in soil show that this fungus varies between being compatible with, or moderately harmful to, four predatory arthropods

et al. 2019

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“…Typhlodromips swirskii is used for controlling the widely distributed tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hoogerbrugge et al 2005 ; Fouly et al 2011 ) and, in some cases, the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Messelink et al 2008 ) . Furthermore T. swirskii and N. cucumeris have been used to effectively spread fungal spores of Beauveria bassiana to improve the biological control of Diaphorina citri , the citrus psyllid (Zhang et al 2015 ). Despite their importance as biological control agents, little is known of the intrinsic Phytoseiidae microbiota or how their morphology interacts with microbes within the environment or intrinsic microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic analysis of the microbiota of three commercial Phytoseiidae species (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Sumner-Kalkun

Baxter²,

Perotti

2020

Exp Appl Acarol

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Microbes associated with the external and internal anatomy of three commercially available predatory mite species-Phytoseiulus persimilis, Typhlodromips (= Amblyseius) swirskii, and Neoseiulus (= Amblyseius) cucumeris-were examined using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Four microbe morphotypes were observed on external body regions. These included three microfungi-like organisms (named T1, T2 and T3) and rod-shaped bacteria (T4). Morphotypes showed unique distributions on the external body regions and certain microbes were found only on one host species. Microfungi-like T1 were present in all three species whereas T2 and T3 were present in only P. persimilis and T. swirskii, respectively. T1 and T2 microbes were most abundant on the ventral structures of the idiosoma and legs, most frequently associated with coxae, coxal folds, ventrianal shields and epigynal shields. T3 microbes were most abundant on legs and dorsal idiosoma. T4 microbes were less abundant and were attached to epigynal shields of N. cucumeris and T. swirskii. Significant differences in distribution between batches suggest temporal fluctuations in the microbiota of phytoseiids in mass-reared systems. FISH showed bacteria within the alimentary tract, in Malpighian tubules and anal atria. These may aid absorption of excretory products or maintaining gut physiology. We suggest a mechanism by which microbes may be transmitted to offspring and throughout populations. This study aims to improve our knowledge of this poorly understood area and highlights the necessity of understanding the microbiota of Acari.

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“…Similarly, some species of commercially mass-produced predatory mites have shown potential for dispersing entomopathogenic fungi to insect pests. Under laboratory conditions, two phytoseiid species, Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) facilitated the dissemination of B. bassiana conidia to their prey, the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae), a major pest of citrus 18 . Such findings stimulated research on techniques to load arthropod dispersal agents with optimal doses of infective fungal conidia before releasing them in the crop where they can disseminate the pathogen to the target pests 19–21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoseiid predatory mites can disperse entomopathogenic fungi to prey patches

Lin

Guertin

Paolo

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Recent studies have shown that predatory mites used as biocontrol agents can be loaded with entomopathogenic fungal conidia to increase infection rates in pest populations. Under laboratory conditions, we determined the capacity of two phytoseiid mites, Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus cucumeris to deliver the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana to their prey, Frankliniella occidentalis. Predatory mites were loaded with conidia and released on plants that had been previously infested with first instar prey clustered on a bean leaf. We examined each plant section to characterize the spatial distribution of each interacting organism. Our results showed that A. swirskii delivered high numbers of conidia to thrips infested leaves, thereby increasing the proportion of thrips that came into contact with the fungus. The effect was larger when thrips infestation occurred on young leaves than on old leaves. Neoseiulus cucumeris delivered less conidia to the thrips infested leaves. These patterns result from differences in foraging activity between predatory mite species. Amblyseius swirskii stayed longer on plants, especially within thrips colonies, and had a stronger suppressing effect on thrips than N. cucumeris. Our study suggests that loading certain predatory mite species with fungal conidia can increase their capacity to suppress thrips populations by combining predation and dispersing pathogens.

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Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Non-target effects of Metarhizium brunneum (BIPESCO 5/F 52) in soil show that this fungus varies between being compatible with, or moderately harmful to, four predatory arthropods

Non-target effects of Metarhizium brunneum (BIPESCO 5/F 52) in soil show that this fungus varies between being compatible with, or moderately harmful to, four predatory arthropods

Microscopic analysis of the microbiota of three commercial Phytoseiidae species (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Phytoseiid predatory mites can disperse entomopathogenic fungi to prey patches

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