<p>Association of salivary C-reactive protein with the obesity measures and markers in children</p>

Abstract

Objective Overweight and obesity is a pro-inflammatory state. This study aimed to examine the level of the salivary obesity markers in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children, association with the obesity measures and the interrelations between the biomarkers. Subjects and methods Seventy-six children (40 normal weight and 36 overweight/obese) were recruited for this study. Body weight, height, and waist circumference measurement were obtained. The saliva sample was collected from all the participants. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the participants were classified into the normal weight or overweight/obese depending upon the body mass index (BMI) percentile ranking. The obesity panel of salivary markers resistin, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factor D, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined using human magnetic Luminex performance assay. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the area under the curve (AUC) to identify the best salivary biomarker in children. Linear regression and Pearson’s correlation analyses to determine the association between the parameters. Results The obesity biomarkers resistin, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were significantly high in overweight/obese compared to normal weight. Salivary CRP (AUC: 0.866, 95% CI: 0.780–0.952; p <0.0001) showed superiority area under ROC curves with good discriminatory power than resistin, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. BMI z-score, WC z-score, and WHtR z-score showed a significant association ( p <0.0001) with CRP. The CRP significantly ( p< 0.0001) correlated with resistin, CCL2/MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 by linear regression and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Conclusion Increased level of salivary CRP in children may be considered as a non-invasive marker for childhood obesity for detection of the risk factors for the development of metabolic dysregulation.

<p>Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number Is Associated with the Obesity and Inflammatory Markers in Children</p>

“…Recent findings from our lab showed the obesity salivary biomarkers such as CRP, resistin, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 were found to be significantly increased in overweight/obese children. 17 There is a present gap in research to thoroughly understand the relationship between AMY1 CNV and obesityrelated biomarkers. 5,18 This study examines the gap in the relationship between AMY1 CNV and obesity-related biomarkers with some low-grade inflammatory markers.…”

Unstimulated Parotid Saliva Sampling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Healthy Controls: A Proof-of-Concept Study on Biomarkers

“…Salivary biomarkers have been found to be useful in diagnosing children with metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes [13]. For example, children with type 1 diabetes show higher levels of salivary pro-inflammatory biomarkers compared with healthy controls [14]. Moreover, biomarkers for predicting dental caries have been identified in children [15].…”

Predictors of HbA1c among adipocytokine biomarkers in African American men with varied glucose tolerance

“…Recent advances in high sensitivity bead-based multiplex assay technologies [11,[35][36][37] have resulted in the simultaneous measurement of adipocytokines from a single blood sample with high accuracy and reproducibility. These proteomic multiplexed immunoassays have gained widespread applications for detecting key biomarkers to provide mechanistic insight into various conditions including T2D and its complications [11,[36][37][38].…”

“…Recent advances in high sensitivity bead-based multiplex assay technologies [11,[35][36][37] have resulted in the simultaneous measurement of adipocytokines from a single blood sample with high accuracy and reproducibility. These proteomic multiplexed immunoassays have gained widespread applications for detecting key biomarkers to provide mechanistic insight into various conditions including T2D and its complications [11,[36][37][38]. The multiplex methodology can improve individualized medical decisionmaking based on biomarker pro les in addition to speci c clinical risk factors as suggested by data for cardiovascular disease [11,[36][37][38].…”

“…These proteomic multiplexed immunoassays have gained widespread applications for detecting key biomarkers to provide mechanistic insight into various conditions including T2D and its complications [11,[36][37][38]. The multiplex methodology can improve individualized medical decisionmaking based on biomarker pro les in addition to speci c clinical risk factors as suggested by data for cardiovascular disease [11,[36][37][38]. The gap of knowledge, however, remains in understanding whether individual adipocytokines are associated with acute and/or chronic hyperglycemia in human studies.…”