<p>Bacterial Profile And Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia</p>

Abstract

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and important clinical problem in pediatrics. Recurrent UTIs may lead to renal scarring, hypertension, and end-stage renal dysfunction later in life. The objective of the study was to determine bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among children attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2013 to May 2013 among children 5–15 years of age with symptoms of UTI. Samples were processed for culture and identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done for positive urine cultures by the Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method based on standards of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.2.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 statistical software. Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regression test results were used.ResultsA total of 259 urine samples were collected from children with UTI. The result revealed 41 (15.8%) samples had significant bacteriuria, among which the most prevalent pathogen was E. coli 14 (34.1%) followed by Pseudomonas species. Gram-negative bacteria showed high level of sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (70), norfloxacin (63.4%) and ceftriaxone (60%), whereas the level of resistance was high to ampicillin (80%) and nitrofurantoin (70%). Gram-positive isolates showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (77.8%), penicillin (72.8%) and erythromycin (72.7%). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 100% and 83.1%, respectively.ConclusionE. coli is the predominant bacteria isolated in the present study. The results showed that the prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic to commonly prescribed antimicrobials was high. Hence, the guidelines for empiric treatment of UTI should be re-evaluated periodically based on local studies.

Prevalence Of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The second leading bacterial isolate in our study was K. pneumoniae (13.7%), as was true for reports from Bahir Dar [38], Dessie [47], Sudan [40] and Nigeria [22]. On the contrary, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species and CoNs were reported to be the second abundant bacterial isolates from UTI from studies in Addis Ababa [48], Bahir Dar [49] and Pakistan [24], respectively.…”

“…where it was observed to be 100% sensitive to nitrofurantoin in Addis Ababa [27] and Hawassa [35]. However, this pathogen has been found to exhibit very high resistance (100%) to Ampicillin, which is also supported by the report from Hawassa (100%) [35] and Bahir Dar [49]. On the contrary, the 92.2% and 100% resistance of E. coli to amoxacillin-clavulanate and ampicillin, respectively, in our study disagrees with the report from the Sudan [40] in that amoxacillin-clavulanate (sensitivity rate 90.9%) and ampicillin (sensitivity rate 72.7%) were presented as effective drugs.…”

“…The 9.1% prevalence rate for Enterococcus species was also reported from Sudan [40]. However, S. aureus and S. saprophyticus in Debre Tabor [20], S. saprophyticus in Bahir Dar [49], S. aureus in Arbaminch [39] and CoNs in Dessie [47] were the leading Gram-positive isolates, showing variations in the dominance of UTI bacterial isolates among the different geographic locations in Ethiopia.…”

“…against co-tromoxazole, greater than 75% against amoxacillin-clavulanate [53], and between 60-100% against ampicillin [18,29,35,36]) and elsewhere in the world [18]. Still more studies have con rmed that detection of high MDR among the Gram-negative uropathogens is common both in Ethiopia and elsewhere [20,35,47,49,53]. The remarkably higher prevalence of resistance, including MDR, against these commonly prescribed antibiotics may be due to: their wider availability and ease of access outside treatment centers, and so, indiscriminate use of the drugs without prescription [55]; or/and fake drugs, sub-standard or expired drugs may circulate that are likely to be used for self-treatment; frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics as prophylactics; and lack of laboratory tests both AST and pathogen identi cation [32].…”

Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The second leading bacterial isolate in our study was K. pneumoniae (13.7%), as was true for reports from Bahir Dar, 38 Dessie, 47 Sudan 40 and Nigeria. 22 In contrast, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species and CoNs were reported to be the second most abundant bacterial isolates from UTI in studies in Addis Ababa, 48 Bahir Dar 49 and Pakistan, 24 respectively.…”